C180 Introduction to Psychology - Set 4 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Somatic system

The somatic system controls voluntary movements and transmits sensory information, forming one peripheral nervous system division with autonomic system.
Option a is incorrect because motor system only addresses movement rather than both voluntary control and sensory transmission the somatic handles comprehensively.
Option c is incorrect because voluntary system isn't anatomical terminology; somatic is the correct term for this peripheral nervous subsystem described specifically.
Option d is incorrect because sensory system only addresses sensation rather than both sensory transmission and voluntary movement control described here systematically.

Correct Answer: Romantic love

Romantic love combines passion and intimacy without commitment, featuring sexual attraction and emotional closeness minus long-term dedication decisions described.
Option a is incorrect because passionate love emphasizes intensity and fear rather than the specific passion-intimacy combination without commitment described here comprehensively.
Option c is incorrect because intimate love isn't a standard category; intimacy is one dimension combining differently with other love components systematically.
Option d is incorrect because infatuated love suggests obsession rather than the balanced passion-intimacy combination characterizing romantic love described specifically here throughout.

Correct Answer: Review boards

Institutional review boards formally evaluate research risks against benefits, determining if studies can proceed ethically with human participant involvement systematically.
Option a is incorrect because ethics boards is informal rather than the official institutional review board designation used in research oversight contexts specifically.
Option c is incorrect because safety panels emphasize physical safety rather than comprehensive ethical evaluation of risks and benefits described here comprehensively throughout.
Option d is incorrect because research committees is generic rather than the specific institutional review boards with formal approval authority described systematically here.

Correct Answer: Proactive interference

Proactive interference occurs when old knowledge blocks new learning, like previous addresses preventing effective memorization of current address information systematically.
Option a is incorrect because backward blocking isn't standard terminology; proactive interference correctly describes old information blocking new learning described here specifically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because learning inhibition is general rather than the specific proactive interference where old memories disrupt new formation comprehensively described.
Option d is incorrect because memory blocking is vague rather than identifying proactive interference as old information preventing new memory formation specifically.

Correct Answer: Replication process

The replication process involves repeating procedures to compare results with originals, establishing scientific findings' reliability across independent investigations conducted separately.
Option a is incorrect because verification process implies checking accuracy rather than the specific repetition to compare results that defines replication described comprehensively.
Option c is incorrect because validation process confirms appropriateness rather than the systematic repetition comparing results across studies that characterizes replication specifically described.
Option d is incorrect because confirmation process suggests proving correct rather than the neutral replication comparing results to establish reliability described systematically throughout.

Correct Answer: Companionate love

Companionate love involves altruistic dedication of time, attention, and resources without reciprocation expectations, characterizing parent-child relationships typically observed systematically.
Option a is incorrect because unconditional love emphasizes acceptance regardless of behavior rather than the resource dedication aspect defining companionate love specifically described.
Option c is incorrect because familial love is descriptive rather than the technical psychological term companionate love used in relationship research comprehensively throughout.
Option d is incorrect because devoted love is general rather than the specific companionate love characterized by altruistic resource giving described systematically here.

Correct Answer: Thyroid

The thyroid gland at neck base regulates metabolism in all cells while ensuring proper growth and development throughout life systematically.
Option a is incorrect because the pituitary controls other glands rather than directly regulating cellular metabolism and growth as described here specifically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because parathyroid glands regulate calcium rather than the broad metabolic and developmental functions the thyroid performs described comprehensively here.
Option d is incorrect because the thymus supports immunity rather than regulating metabolism and growth throughout the body as described systematically here.

Correct Answer: Avoidant pattern

Avoidant attachment involves structuring life to avoid emotional closeness and intimacy, despite potentially wanting relationships on theoretical or abstract levels.
Option a is incorrect because anxious patterns involve actively seeking closeness while fearing abandonment rather than avoiding intimacy through life structure described specifically.
Option c is incorrect because fearful pattern isn't one of the three main attachment styles identified in the psychological literature described comprehensively here.
Option d is incorrect because dismissive pattern is a subtype rather than the main avoidant category describing intimacy avoidance through life structuring systematically.

Correct Answer: Context dependency

Context-dependent retrieval shows environmental cues improve memory when physical locations match between learning and recall testing situations described systematically throughout.
Option a is incorrect because environmental dependency is descriptive rather than the established context-dependent retrieval principle from memory research described specifically here comprehensively throughout.
Option c is incorrect because location matching describes the condition rather than the retrieval principle where matching contexts improve memory performance described systematically.
Option d is incorrect because setting effect isn't standard terminology; context-dependent retrieval is the recognized principle for environmental memory enhancement described specifically.

Correct Answer: Operational definitions

Operational definitions specify exactly how concepts will be manipulated and measured in research before data collection begins, ensuring methodological clarity.
Option a is incorrect because conceptual definitions are abstract rather than the specific manipulation and measurement specifications that operational definitions provide systematically described.
Option c is incorrect because research definitions is too broad rather than specifically the operational definitions of measurement and manipulation described comprehensively here throughout.
Option d is incorrect because variable definitions is partial rather than complete operational definitions including both manipulation and measurement specifications described systematically here.

Correct Answer: Commitment

Commitment represents conscious decisions maintaining relationships through difficulties, forming one triangular model dimension with passion and intimacy components described systematically.
Option a is incorrect because loyalty implies faithfulness rather than the conscious decision-making that defines the commitment dimension in triangular theory specifically described.
Option c is incorrect because dedication is similar but not the technical term commitment used in the triangular model of love relationships described.
Option d is incorrect because persistence suggests endurance rather than the deliberate maintenance decisions characterizing commitment in the triangular model described comprehensively throughout.

Correct Answer: Spinal cord

The spinal cord within vertebrae contains ascending and descending tracts enabling bidirectional communication between brain and body systems throughout comprehensively.
Option a is incorrect because neural tube is embryological rather than the mature spinal cord structure enabling brain-body communication described here specifically systematically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because nerve cord is imprecise rather than the specific anatomical term spinal cord for this vertebral neural structure described comprehensively.
Option d is incorrect because central cord refers to specific regions rather than the complete spinal cord structure described systematically throughout this question here.

Correct Answer: Passionate love

Passionate love involves intense sudden feelings with sexual attraction, mutual desire, and loss fear, typically without long-term commitment planning described.
Option a is incorrect because infatuation suggests one-sided obsession rather than the mutual desire and relationship aspects characterizing passionate love described here specifically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because romantic love typically combines passion with intimacy rather than the purely passionate characteristics described comprehensively throughout this question systematically here.
Option d is incorrect because sexual love emphasizes physical aspects rather than the complete emotional intensity including relationship loss fears described specifically here.

Correct Answer: Sampling bias

Sampling bias occurs when non-random selection causes certain characteristics to be over or underrepresented compared to actual population proportions systematically.
Option a is incorrect because selection bias is less specific than sampling bias, which directly addresses non-random participant selection creating disproportionate representation described comprehensively here.
Option c is incorrect because population bias suggests the population itself is biased rather than the sampling process creating disproportionate representation described specifically throughout.
Option d is incorrect because research bias is too broad rather than specifically the sampling bias from non-random selection described systematically here comprehensively throughout.

Correct Answer: Scientific data

Scientific data encompasses both qualitative observations and quantitative measurements collected systematically for testing hypotheses in research studies conducted rigorously throughout.
Option a is incorrect because research findings are conclusions from analysis rather than the raw observations and measurements that constitute data described comprehensively here.
Option c is incorrect because study materials might include equipment rather than specifically the observations and measurements defining data described systematically throughout here specifically.
Option d is incorrect because empirical evidence implies support for conclusions rather than neutral data consisting of observations and measurements described comprehensively systematically here.

Correct Answer: Debriefing practice

Debriefing practice involves explaining research purposes and allowing questions after participation, including clarification of any deception used during studies systematically.
Option a is incorrect because disclosure practice is partial rather than the complete debriefing including explanations, questions, and deception clarification described comprehensively here throughout.
Option c is incorrect because explanation practice is one component rather than the full debriefing process with participant questions and deception clarification described specifically.
Option d is incorrect because clarification practice suggests resolving confusion rather than the systematic debriefing protocol following research participation described comprehensively throughout here systematically.

Correct Answer: Observational learning

Observational learning involves watching others to understand expectations before adjusting personal behaviors to match group norms and standards systematically described.
Option a is incorrect because social modeling emphasizes demonstration rather than the learning through observation before behavioral adjustment described comprehensively throughout here specifically systematically throughout.
Option b is incorrect because behavioral learning is broader than the specific observational process of watching before adjusting to group expectations described here.
Option c is incorrect because group adaptation describes the outcome rather than the observational learning process used to understand appropriate behaviors described specifically systematically.

Correct Answer: Ovaries

Ovaries are the specific female reproductive glands secreting estrogen and progesterone hormones essential for reproduction and sexual development processes systematically.
Option a is incorrect because reproductive glands is generic rather than the specific anatomical term ovaries for female hormone-producing structures described comprehensively here throughout.
Option c is incorrect because female gonads is accurate but less specific than ovaries, the precise anatomical term for these structures described systematically.
Option d is incorrect because sex organs includes many structures beyond the specific hormone-producing ovaries described in this question comprehensively throughout here specifically.

Correct Answer: APA formally

The American Psychological Association formally establishes ethical standards for psychology while representing practitioners nationally throughout the United States comprehensively described systematically.
Option a is incorrect because psychology organization is incomplete rather than the full American Psychological Association name representing the formal organization described specifically here throughout.
Option c is incorrect because ethics organization focuses narrowly rather than the broader representation and standard-setting the APA provides described comprehensively systematically here throughout.
Option d is incorrect because national association is generic rather than specifically identifying the American Psychological Association described systematically throughout this question comprehensively here specifically.

Correct Answer: Neuroendocrine interaction

Neuroendocrine interaction involves stress activating nervous and endocrine systems that regulate immune cells combating infections throughout the body systematically described.
Option a is incorrect because immune interaction is the result rather than the neuroendocrine system coordination that produces immune responses described comprehensively here throughout systematically.
Option c is incorrect because stress interaction is vague rather than specifically the neuroendocrine pathways coordinating immune responses to stress described systematically here specifically throughout.
Option d is incorrect because defense interaction is general rather than identifying the neuroendocrine mechanisms coordinating immune defenses described comprehensively throughout this question systematically here.