C180 Introduction to Psychology - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Attachment theory

Attachment theory explains how childhood caregiver interactions create patterns that influence adult relationship behaviors and emotional connections systematically.
Option a is incorrect because behavioral modeling involves copying observed behaviors rather than internalized relationship patterns from early caregiving experiences.
Option c is incorrect because relationship templates is descriptive rather than the established theoretical framework that attachment theory provides scientifically.
Option d is incorrect because developmental continuity is broader than the specific caregiver-child patterns affecting adult relationships that attachment addresses.

Correct Answer: Validity

Validity means measuring what a method claims to measure, which is separate from reliability or consistency across measurements.
Option a is incorrect because reliability refers to consistency across measurements rather than whether the right construct is being measured accurately.
Option c is incorrect because accuracy generally refers to correctness rather than the specific research concept of measuring intended constructs appropriately.
Option d is incorrect because precision relates to measurement detail rather than whether the measurement captures what it's supposed to systematically.

Correct Answer: Data

Data encompasses both numerical measurements and careful descriptions that researchers collect to test hypotheses through scientific methods systematically.
Option a is incorrect because evidence implies support for conclusions rather than the raw measurements and descriptions that constitute data specifically.
Option c is incorrect because observations are one data type rather than the comprehensive term for all measurements and descriptions collected.
Option d is incorrect because findings are conclusions drawn from data rather than the raw measurements and descriptions themselves collectively.

Correct Answer: Debriefing

Debriefing is the post-study interview where researchers explain why the study was conducted and participants ask questions about participation.
Option a is incorrect because exit interview is employment terminology rather than the specific research practice of explaining study purposes afterward.
Option c is incorrect because follow-up implies checking on participants later rather than the immediate post-study explanation session described here.
Option d is incorrect because disclosure session isn't the established term; debriefing is the recognized practice in research methodology specifically.

Correct Answer: Consummate love

Consummate love combines all three dimensions of passion, intimacy, and commitment according to the triangular model of love relationships.
Option a is incorrect because complete love isn't the technical term; consummate love describes relationships with all three dimensions present simultaneously.
Option b is incorrect because romantic love typically combines passion and intimacy without the commitment dimension being fully developed yet.
Option d is incorrect because perfect love isn't a category in the triangular model; consummate describes the three-dimension combination accurately.

Correct Answer: Testes specifically

Testes are the specific male gonads that secrete androgens including testosterone within the endocrine system for reproductive functions.
Option a is incorrect because gonads include both male and female reproductive glands rather than specifically identifying the male organs discussed.
Option c is incorrect because sex glands is informal terminology rather than the specific anatomical term for male hormone-producing reproductive organs.
Option d is incorrect because hormone producers includes many organs beyond just the male reproductive glands that secrete testosterone specifically.

Correct Answer: Memory malleability

Memory malleability refers to how memories can be influenced and changed by external factors like question phrasing during testimony.
Option a is incorrect because leading questions are the cause rather than the phenomenon of memories being changeable through external influences.
Option c is incorrect because testimonial influence isn't the established term for the changeability of memories through questioning techniques specifically.
Option d is incorrect because recall distortion describes the outcome rather than the underlying malleability that allows memories to be influenced.

Correct Answer: Sanctions

Sanctions are the penalties groups use to enforce norms and maintain order through negative consequences for rule violations.
Option a is incorrect because punishments is general terminology rather than the specific sociological term for group-enforced penalties maintaining norms.
Option c is incorrect because consequences can be positive or negative rather than specifically the penalties used for norm enforcement.
Option d is incorrect because deterrents prevent behavior rather than being the actual penalties applied when norms are violated specifically.

Correct Answer: APA formally

The American Psychological Association sets professional standards and represents psychologists in the United States through ethical guidelines and advocacy.
Option a is incorrect because Psychology Association is incomplete; the full name includes American and represents the formal organizational title specifically.
Option c is incorrect because Professional Board suggests regulatory authority rather than the professional organization that sets voluntary ethical standards.
Option d is incorrect because Ethics Association would focus solely on ethics rather than the broader professional representation APA provides.

Correct Answer: Operational definitions

Operational definitions specify exactly how concepts will be manipulated and measured in research studies before data collection begins.
Option a is incorrect because research definitions is too general rather than the specific term for defining measurement and manipulation procedures.
Option c is incorrect because measurement criteria addresses only measurement rather than both manipulation and measurement specifications required in research.
Option d is incorrect because study parameters refers to boundaries and limits rather than specific definitions of concept measurement and manipulation.