C180 Introduction to Psychology - Set 4 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Attachment theory

Attachment theory explains how early caregiver interactions shape adult relationship patterns regarding intimacy, trust, and dependence behaviors systematically throughout life.
Option a is incorrect because bonding theory emphasizes connection rather than the systematic patterns from childhood affecting adult relationships described comprehensively here throughout specifically systematically.
Option c is incorrect because development theory is broader than the specific attachment relationships between childhood experiences and adult patterns described systematically here specifically throughout.
Option d is incorrect because relationship theory is generic rather than the specific attachment theory linking childhood caregiving to adult relationships described comprehensively systematically here.

Correct Answer: Brainstem

The brainstem contains the reticular formation with activating systems maintaining alertness through hypothalamic connections and sensory processing pathways throughout systematically described.
Option a is incorrect because the cortex handles higher functions rather than containing the reticular formation's alertness systems described comprehensively throughout here specifically systematically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because the cerebellum controls coordination rather than containing the reticular formation maintaining alertness described systematically here specifically throughout this question comprehensively.
Option d is incorrect because the thalamus relays sensory information rather than containing the reticular activating system described comprehensively throughout systematically here specifically throughout.

Correct Answer: Fight response

Fight-or-flight response involves sympathetic activation increasing oxygen, vision, and physical readiness for confronting or escaping threatening situations effectively described systematically.
Option a is incorrect because stress activation is general rather than the specific fight-or-flight preparation through sympathetic nervous system engagement described comprehensively here throughout specifically.
Option c is incorrect because survival mode is broader than the immediate fight-or-flight preparation through sympathetic activation described systematically throughout this question specifically here.
Option d is incorrect because emergency state is descriptive rather than the technical fight-or-flight response preparing bodies for physical challenges described comprehensively systematically throughout here.

Correct Answer: Hypotheses

Hypotheses are proposed explanations tested through systematic scientific methods to validate or refute theoretical predictions in research studies conducted rigorously.
Option a is incorrect because predictions are expected outcomes rather than the proposed explanations that hypotheses represent for scientific testing described comprehensively here throughout.
Option c is incorrect because theories are established explanations after extensive testing rather than initial proposals for investigation described systematically here specifically throughout comprehensively.
Option d is incorrect because assumptions are accepted premises rather than proposed explanations specifically tested through scientific methods described systematically throughout this question here.

Correct Answer: Neuroethics

Neuroethics specifically addresses ethical implications of brain research including using neuroscience for behavioral prediction and control applications described systematically throughout.
Option a is incorrect because brain ethics is informal rather than the established field neuroethics addressing these specialized ethical concerns described comprehensively here throughout specifically.
Option c is incorrect because research ethics covers all research rather than specifically brain-related ethical issues neuroethics addresses described systematically here specifically throughout comprehensively.
Option d is incorrect because cognitive ethics isn't established terminology; neuroethics is the recognized field for brain research ethics described systematically throughout here.

Correct Answer: Context effect

Context-dependent retrieval effect shows memory improves when physical environments match between original learning and later recall attempts described systematically throughout.
Option a is incorrect because location effect is imprecise rather than the established context-dependent retrieval principle demonstrated in memory research described comprehensively here specifically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because environmental retrieval describes the process rather than the context effect principle where matching environments improve memory described systematically here.
Option d is incorrect because spatial memory involves navigation rather than the context-dependent retrieval enhancement from matching learning and recall environments described specifically.

Correct Answer: Testes

Testes are the specific male gonads producing testosterone and androgens for sexual development, reproduction, and behavioral regulation described systematically throughout.
Option a is incorrect because sex glands is informal rather than the anatomical term testes for male hormone-producing reproductive structures described comprehensively here specifically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because male organs is too broad including many structures beyond the specific hormone-producing testes described systematically throughout this question here.
Option d is incorrect because reproductive glands is generic rather than the specific testes producing male sex hormones described comprehensively throughout here specifically systematically throughout.

Correct Answer: Group sanctions

Group sanctions are social penalties enforcing norms through negative consequences for violations, maintaining order within social groups systematically described throughout.
Option a is incorrect because social penalties is descriptive rather than the technical term sanctions for group-enforced consequences maintaining norms described comprehensively here specifically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because norm enforcement describes the process rather than the sanctions themselves that groups use as enforcement tools described systematically here.
Option d is incorrect because peer pressure is the force rather than the actual sanctions or penalties groups apply for norm violations described specifically.

Correct Answer: Lower brainstem

The medulla in lower brainstem automatically controls vital functions including breathing, swallowing, and blood circulation without conscious control required systematically.
Option a is incorrect because upper brainstem contains different structures rather than the medulla controlling automatic vital functions described comprehensively throughout here specifically systematically throughout.
Option c is incorrect because middle brainstem refers to midbrain rather than the lower medulla controlling breathing and circulation described systematically here specifically throughout.
Option d is incorrect because central brainstem isn't anatomical terminology; lower brainstem correctly identifies the medulla's location described comprehensively throughout systematically here specifically throughout.

Correct Answer: Conformity effect

Conformity effect occurs when minorities adopt majority views, especially on difficult tasks where determining correct answers proves challenging or impossible.
Option a is incorrect because group thinking implies collective decision-making rather than individuals conforming to majority positions on difficult tasks described comprehensively here throughout.
Option c is incorrect because social influence is broader than the specific conformity effect when minorities adopt majority views described systematically here specifically throughout comprehensively.
Option d is incorrect because peer compliance suggests following orders rather than the voluntary adoption of majority viewpoints during uncertain tasks described systematically throughout here.