D439 Foundations of Nursing - Set 2 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Good Samaritan Law protection

Good Samaritan Laws protect healthcare providers who render emergency aid with good intentions from legal liability when off-duty.
Option a is incorrect because professional liability insurance covers practice-related incidents, not voluntary emergency assistance provided off-duty at accident scenes.
Option c is incorrect because employer liability doesn't extend to off-duty emergency actions taken independently outside work settings or responsibilities.
Option d is incorrect because licensure provides practice authority but doesn't grant immunity for actions taken outside professional employment settings.

Correct Answer: Central venous catheter line

Central venous catheters or PICC lines are required for TPN due to high osmolarity requiring dilution in large vessels.
Option a is incorrect because peripheral IVs cannot handle TPN's high concentration, causing severe vein damage and phlebitis quickly developing.
Option c is incorrect because arterial lines are for monitoring blood pressure and sampling, not for medication or nutrition administration.
Option d is incorrect because midline catheters lack central vessel access needed for safe TPN administration without causing vessel damage.

Correct Answer: An intentional tort law

Deceiving patients about medications constitutes fraud and battery, both intentional torts involving deliberate harmful acts against patients.
Option a is incorrect because negligence involves unintentional failures in care, not deliberate deception about treatment being provided to patients.
Option c is incorrect because while unprofessional, this represents intentional wrongdoing rather than negligent malpractice or incompetent care delivery.
Option d is incorrect because abandonment involves leaving patients without care, not deceiving them about medications they're receiving deliberately.

Correct Answer: Twenty-four hours then renewal

Adult restraint orders expire after twenty-four hours, requiring new physician assessment and orders for continued restraint use.
Option a is incorrect because twelve hours applies to pediatric patients, not adults who have twenty-four hour order validity periods.
Option c is incorrect because forty-eight hours exceeds regulatory limits for restraint orders, risking patient rights violations and injury.
Option d is incorrect because seventy-two hours far exceeds safe restraint duration limits, violating patient safety and regulatory standards.

Correct Answer: Milk-based protein shake

Milk products are not clear liquids as they contain proteins and fats that make them opaque and harder to digest.
Option a is incorrect because black coffee without cream is an acceptable clear liquid that's transparent and easily digested postoperatively.
Option b is incorrect because pulp-free apple juice is a standard clear liquid providing hydration and simple sugars for energy.
Option d is incorrect because gelatin desserts are classic clear liquids that provide fluid and are easily digested after surgery.

Correct Answer: Thirty-degree lateral inclined position

Thirty-degree lateral positioning effectively redistributes weight away from bony prominences like the sacrum, promoting tissue perfusion and healing.
Option a is incorrect because supine positioning places direct pressure on the sacral area, worsening deep tissue injury progression significantly.
Option c is incorrect because sitting increases sacral pressure through body weight concentration, accelerating tissue damage rather than relieving pressure.
Option d is incorrect because prone positioning is impractical for most patients and doesn't specifically relieve sacral pressure effectively enough.

Correct Answer: Increased respiratory work occurring

Accessory muscle use including neck and chest muscles indicates respiratory distress when normal diaphragmatic breathing becomes insufficient for oxygenation.
Option a is incorrect because normal breathing uses primarily the diaphragm without requiring additional muscle recruitment for adequate ventilation.
Option c is incorrect because accessory muscle use indicates increased, not decreased, oxygen demands that normal breathing cannot meet.
Option d is incorrect because improved lung expansion wouldn't require accessory muscles; it would make breathing easier using normal mechanics.

Correct Answer: Fifteen seconds of washing

Fifteen seconds minimum hand washing duration ensures adequate mechanical removal and antimicrobial action against pathogens preventing cross-contamination effectively.
Option a is incorrect because five seconds provides insufficient time for soap to work and mechanical removal of microorganisms present.
Option b is incorrect because ten seconds doesn't allow complete coverage and friction needed for effective pathogen removal from hands.
Option d is incorrect because while thirty seconds is ideal, fifteen seconds is the minimum requirement for effective hand hygiene compliance.

Correct Answer: Airway pressure device ready

Airway pressure devices prevent complete breathing cessation when sedatives worsen sleep apnea's characteristic breathing interruptions during procedures.
Option a is incorrect because monitoring detects problems but doesn't prevent the airway obstruction that sedatives worsen in sleep apnea.
Option c is incorrect because suction helps with secretions but doesn't maintain the airway patency compromised by sleep apnea.
Option d is incorrect because cardiac monitoring tracks heart rhythm but doesn't address the primary respiratory compromise requiring intervention.

Correct Answer: Deserting assumed patient care

Abandonment occurs when nurses desert patients after assuming care responsibility without proper transfer to qualified replacement providers.
Option a is incorrect because proper care transfer with documentation ensures continuity and doesn't constitute abandonment of patient care.
Option b is incorrect because leaving after giving report represents appropriate shift change, not abandonment of care responsibilities assumed.
Option d is incorrect because refusing unsafe assignments before accepting patients protects licenses and doesn't constitute patient abandonment legally.

Correct Answer: Ten to fifteen degrees

Ten to fifteen degree angles ensure medication enters only the epidermis, creating the characteristic wheal for intradermal injections.
Option b is incorrect because forty-five degrees would deliver medication subcutaneously, too deep for proper intradermal placement and reading.
Option c is incorrect because sixty degrees penetrates beyond the epidermis, defeating the purpose of superficial intradermal injection placement.
Option d is incorrect because ninety degrees delivers medication into subcutaneous or muscle tissue, not the required intradermal space.

Correct Answer: Two healthcare witness signatures

Hospital advance directives require two healthcare witnesses not involved in direct patient care for legal validity without notarization.
Option a is incorrect because advance directives don't require notarization, only appropriate witnesses to be legally binding and valid.
Option c is incorrect because attorney involvement isn't required for advance directives, though patients may choose legal consultation if desired.
Option d is incorrect because family agreement isn't required; competent patients make independent decisions about their advance directive preferences.

Correct Answer: When did you void

Timing of first void after catheter removal indicates whether bladder function has returned and identifies potential retention problems early.
Option a is incorrect because while pain assessment matters, establishing whether voiding occurred takes priority for bladder function evaluation initially.
Option c is incorrect because urine color is less critical than confirming the bladder's ability to empty independently after catheter removal.
Option d is incorrect because volume measurement follows confirmation that voiding occurred; timing takes priority for initial assessment needs.

Correct Answer: Splashing liquid outside container

Splashing liquid outside the intended container contaminates the sterile field with moisture, requiring complete setup replacement for safety.
Option a is incorrect because holding labels up protects them from solution damage, maintaining readable medication identification throughout procedures.
Option b is incorrect because appropriate pouring height prevents splashing while maintaining sterility of both solution and field effectively.
Option d is incorrect because keeping caps sterile is proper technique, though caps shouldn't be placed on sterile fields directly.

Correct Answer: Eight when patient arrived

Vital sign timing begins when patients are admitted to the unit, not when orders are written, ensuring accurate baseline assessment.
Option a is incorrect because starting before patient arrival is impossible and documentation would be fraudulent if times were backdated.
Option c is incorrect because waiting until the next four-hour interval from order time delays necessary baseline assessment dangerously.
Option d is incorrect because arbitrary midnight timing doesn't reflect actual admission time or provide timely initial assessment data.

Correct Answer: Maintained muscle mass size

Isometric contractions without movement preserve muscle mass and strength during immobilization, preventing atrophy while protecting healing tissues.
Option a is incorrect because isometric exercises don't involve joint movement, so they don't improve flexibility or range of motion.
Option c is incorrect because while circulation improves locally, isometric exercises don't significantly enhance overall cardiovascular endurance levels measurably.
Option d is incorrect because balance and coordination require weight-bearing and movement activities that isometric exercises don't provide effectively.

Correct Answer: Cool area for storage

Cool storage prevents pressure buildup in oxygen cylinders that could cause explosion or accelerated leakage of compressed gas.
Option a is incorrect because warm temperatures increase cylinder pressure dangerously, creating explosion risks and compromising valve integrity over time.
Option c is incorrect because humidity promotes rust and corrosion of metal cylinders and valves, creating safety hazards during use.
Option d is incorrect because sunlight heats cylinders dangerously and doesn't provide sterilization benefits for medical gas storage containers.

Correct Answer: Cream of wheat cereal

Cream of wheat contains grain particles making it opaque and requiring digestion, violating clear liquid diet restrictions completely.
Option a is incorrect because pulp-free orange juice is an acceptable clear liquid providing vitamin C and hydration without residue.
Option c is incorrect because black tea with sugar dissolved is a clear liquid providing fluids and calories appropriately for patients.
Option d is incorrect because clear chicken broth without solids is a standard clear liquid providing electrolytes and minimal nutrition safely.

Correct Answer: I'll go after meals

Post-meal timing utilizes natural gastrocolic reflex that stimulates bowel activity thirty minutes after eating for successful training.
Option a is incorrect because hourly attempts are excessive and don't align with natural bowel reflexes, causing frustration and failure.
Option c is incorrect because waiting for urgency perpetuates incontinence problems rather than establishing predictable bowel patterns through training.
Option d is incorrect because daily laxatives create dependency and diarrhea, worsening incontinence rather than establishing natural bowel control.

Correct Answer: Pulse oximeter probe placement

Verifying proper probe placement eliminates false low readings from poor sensor positioning before assuming actual hypoxemia exists.
Option a is incorrect because tank pressure affects flow delivery but checking probe placement for accuracy takes priority initially.
Option c is incorrect because flow rate matters but false readings from probe misplacement must be ruled out first systematically.
Option d is incorrect because breathing assessment follows confirmation that low readings are accurate rather than equipment malfunction related.