D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional Science - Set 2 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Assess multiple factors

Option b is correct because comprehensive assessment includes dietary intake, physical exam, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory values for accuracy.
Option a is incorrect because weight alone doesn't reveal the underlying causes of malnutrition or guide appropriate intervention strategies.
Option c is incorrect because dietary intake assessment is essential for identifying inadequate consumption patterns requiring modification immediately.
Option d is incorrect because laboratory values like albumin and prealbumin indicate protein status and nutritional deficiency severity.

Correct Answer: DASH diet plan

Option b is correct because DASH emphasizes fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium for blood pressure control.
Option a is incorrect because increasing sodium raises blood pressure by causing fluid retention and vascular resistance in hypertensive patients.
Option c is incorrect because high fat diets can worsen cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension and obesity development.
Option d is incorrect because protein restriction alone doesn't address the sodium and potassium balance critical for blood pressure.

Correct Answer: Plot growth charts

Option b is correct because growth charts reveal whether the child's weight and height follow normal percentile curves over time.
Option a is incorrect because assuming normal growth without objective measurement could miss failure to thrive or malnutrition signs.
Option c is incorrect because parent observations about eating habits and energy levels provide valuable assessment information for intervention.
Option d is incorrect because dietary review identifies specific nutrient deficiencies or inadequate caloric intake requiring immediate attention and correction.

Correct Answer: Avoid raw foods

Option b is correct because neutropenic patients lack white blood cells to fight bacteria present in uncooked foods effectively.
Option a is incorrect because raw vegetables harbor bacteria that could cause sepsis in immunocompromised patients without adequate immunity.
Option c is incorrect because unpasteurized products contain dangerous pathogens that healthy immune systems eliminate but threaten neutropenic patients.
Option d is incorrect because room temperature storage promotes bacterial growth that could overwhelm compromised immune systems causing infection.

Correct Answer: Increased nutrient needs

Option b is correct because pregnant teens need extra nutrients for both maternal growth and fetal development simultaneously occurring.
Option a is incorrect because teenage bodies are still developing, requiring more nutrients than fully grown adult pregnant women.
Option c is incorrect because reduced calories would compromise both maternal and fetal growth, increasing pregnancy complication risks significantly.
Option d is incorrect because supplements help meet the exceptionally high nutrient demands of concurrent teenage and fetal growth.

Correct Answer: Increase fiber gradually

Option b is correct because gradual fiber increases allow the digestive system to adapt while promoting regular bowel movements.
Option a is incorrect because eliminating fiber would worsen constipation by reducing stool bulk and intestinal motility significantly over time.
Option c is incorrect because fluid restriction makes stool harder and more difficult to pass, worsening constipation symptoms considerably.
Option d is incorrect because relying solely on laxatives creates dependency without addressing underlying dietary factors causing constipation.

Correct Answer: Adaptive equipment needed

Option b is correct because specialized utensils and plates help patients with weakness feed themselves independently and safely.
Option a is incorrect because regular utensils may be impossible to grip or control with weakness, limiting food intake.
Option c is incorrect because avoiding challenging foods unnecessarily restricts diet variety and could cause nutritional deficiencies over time.
Option d is incorrect because liquid diets aren't required unless swallowing is impaired, and they may not meet nutritional needs.

Correct Answer: Low serum albumin

Option b is correct because albumin levels below normal indicate inadequate protein intake or synthesis over several weeks duration.
Option a is incorrect because dry skin has many causes including dehydration and doesn't specifically indicate protein-energy malnutrition status.
Option c is incorrect because increased appetite suggests improving nutritional status rather than malnutrition requiring urgent intervention immediately.
Option d is incorrect because weight gain indicates adequate or excessive intake, not the deficiency seen in protein-energy malnutrition.

Correct Answer: Individual tolerance varies

Option c is correct because infant reactions to maternal diet are highly individual, requiring observation and selective elimination only.
Option a is incorrect because most infants tolerate maternal dairy consumption well, and elimination risks maternal calcium deficiency unnecessarily.
Option b is incorrect because some foods like excessive caffeine or alcohol can affect infants through breast milk transmission.
Option d is incorrect because unnecessary dietary restrictions could compromise maternal nutrition and milk production without benefiting the infant.

Correct Answer: Small frequent meals

Option b is correct because small portions prevent stomach distension while maintaining steady blood sugar, reducing nausea effectively throughout pregnancy.
Option a is incorrect because fasting worsens nausea by allowing stomach acid accumulation and causing hypoglycemia in pregnant women.
Option c is incorrect because large meals often trigger vomiting in pregnancy, especially during morning sickness periods typically experienced.
Option d is incorrect because carbohydrates, particularly crackers and toast, often help settle nausea and provide needed energy.

Correct Answer: Pleasant meal environment

Option b is correct because creating positive associations with eating through social interaction and ambiance improves intake naturally.
Option a is incorrect because forcing food increases anxiety and aversion, potentially worsening both depression and nutritional status significantly.
Option c is incorrect because allowing favorite foods can stimulate appetite and provide comfort during depressive episodes when needed.
Option d is incorrect because isolation during meals reinforces depression and removes social encouragement for adequate food consumption.

Correct Answer: Simple familiar foods

Option b is correct because familiar foods reduce confusion while simple presentations make eating easier for cognitively impaired patients.
Option a is incorrect because complex choices overwhelm dementia patients, leading to poor intake due to decision fatigue and confusion.
Option c is incorrect because some choice maintains autonomy and interest in eating, important for quality of life preservation.
Option d is incorrect because liquid diets are unnecessary unless swallowing problems exist and may accelerate functional decline prematurely.

Correct Answer: Avoid trigger foods

Option b is correct because eliminating foods like chocolate, coffee, and tomatoes reduces acid production and reflux episodes significantly.
Option a is incorrect because eating before bed increases nighttime reflux when lying down allows stomach contents to backflow.
Option c is incorrect because lying down after eating promotes reflux by eliminating gravity's help in keeping stomach contents down.
Option d is incorrect because citrus fruits increase stomach acidity and commonly trigger reflux symptoms in susceptible individuals consistently.

Correct Answer: Moist soft foods

Option b is correct because moist foods are easier to chew and swallow when saliva production is inadequate for digestion.
Option a is incorrect because dry foods are extremely difficult to eat with xerostomia and may cause choking or discomfort.
Option c is incorrect because liquids help compensate for reduced saliva and are essential for swallowing food safely and comfortably.
Option d is incorrect because spicy foods irritate dry oral tissues and cause pain, further reducing nutritional intake significantly.

Correct Answer: Chin tuck position

Option b is correct because tucking the chin while swallowing helps protect the airway and directs food properly down the esophagus.
Option a is incorrect because thin liquids move quickly and unpredictably, increasing aspiration risk in patients with delayed swallow reflexes.
Option c is incorrect because walking while eating divides attention and increases choking and aspiration risk significantly in impaired patients.
Option d is incorrect because large boluses overwhelm compromised swallowing mechanisms and increase the likelihood of aspiration occurring during meals.

Correct Answer: Low fat diet

Option b is correct because reducing fat intake decreases unabsorbed fatty acids in the colon that cause secretory diarrhea symptoms.
Option a is incorrect because increased fat worsens diarrhea when bile acids are insufficient for proper fat digestion and absorption.
Option c is incorrect because high fiber can worsen diarrhea and may interfere with absorption of nutrients in shortened bowel.
Option d is incorrect because many patients develop lactose intolerance after bowel surgery, and dairy worsens diarrhea symptoms significantly.

Correct Answer: Nutrient-dense snacks frequent

Option b is correct because frequent small portions of calorie-rich foods increase intake without overwhelming diminished appetite capacity.
Option a is incorrect because forcing large meals causes discomfort and food aversion, ultimately reducing total daily caloric intake.
Option c is incorrect because appropriate activity maintains muscle mass and stimulates appetite, supporting healthy weight gain goals effectively.
Option d is incorrect because vegetables provide essential nutrients and fiber; eliminating them causes deficiencies and digestive problems.

Correct Answer: Prealbumin increasing steadily

Option b is correct because prealbumin has a short half-life and reflects recent protein intake and nutritional status improvements.
Option a is incorrect because blood glucose fluctuates hourly with meals and doesn't indicate overall nutritional recovery status effectively.
Option c is incorrect because sodium levels reflect hydration status more than nutritional adequacy or protein-energy status specifically.
Option d is incorrect because potassium levels can remain normal despite malnutrition and don't indicate nutritional recovery progress.

Correct Answer: Mediterranean diet pattern

Option b is correct because this pattern improves lipid profiles, reduces inflammation, and supports gradual sustainable weight loss effectively.
Option a is incorrect because extreme restriction triggers metabolic adaptation and rebound weight gain, worsening metabolic syndrome long-term ultimately.
Option c is incorrect because eliminating carbohydrates entirely is unsustainable and may worsen insulin resistance in some individuals paradoxically.
Option d is incorrect because excessive protein without balanced nutrients can stress kidneys and doesn't address metabolic syndrome comprehensively.

Correct Answer: High calorie needs

Option b is correct because cystic fibrosis increases metabolic demands while malabsorption reduces nutrient availability, requiring increased intake substantially.
Option a is incorrect because low calorie diets would cause malnutrition and growth failure in the hypermetabolic state of cystic fibrosis.
Option c is incorrect because fats provide concentrated calories needed, though enzyme supplementation is required for absorption typically.
Option d is incorrect because pancreatic enzyme replacement is essential for nutrient absorption in most cystic fibrosis patients consistently.