D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional Science - Set 4 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Lactose-free products suitable

Option b is correct because lactose-free dairy products provide calcium and other nutrients without causing digestive symptoms in intolerant individuals.
Option a is incorrect because complete dairy elimination risks calcium deficiency when lactose-free alternatives could maintain nutritional adequacy without symptoms occurring.
Option c is incorrect because regular milk contains lactose that causes bloating, cramping, and diarrhea in lactose intolerant patients consistently.
Option d is incorrect because avoiding calcium leads to osteoporosis risk, and many non-dairy sources provide this essential mineral safely.

Correct Answer: Weight gain appropriate

Option b is correct because consistent weight gain along growth curves indicates adequate milk transfer and nutritional sufficiency for development.
Option a is incorrect because crying has many causes beyond hunger and doesn't reliably indicate milk intake adequacy in breastfed infants.
Option c is incorrect because sleep patterns vary widely among infants and don't directly correlate with nutritional intake or adequacy.
Option d is incorrect because feeding duration doesn't ensure effective milk transfer, as some infants nurse inefficiently despite lengthy sessions.

Correct Answer: Liquid supplements helpful

Option b is correct because liquid nutritional supplements are easier to swallow with xerostomia while providing concentrated calories and protein needed.
Option a is incorrect because dry foods are extremely difficult to chew and swallow without adequate saliva production for lubrication.
Option c is incorrect because fluids are essential for managing dry mouth and helping with food consumption and swallowing safely.
Option d is incorrect because spicy seasonings irritate already sensitive oral tissues and worsen discomfort in radiation-induced xerostomia patients.

Correct Answer: Honor food preferences

Option b is correct because working with tolerated foods ensures some nutritional intake when aversions are strongest during early pregnancy.
Option a is incorrect because forcing foods that trigger nausea worsens aversions and may cause vomiting, reducing nutritional intake further.
Option c is incorrect because fasting deprives the developing fetus of essential nutrients during critical early developmental periods requiring consistency.
Option d is incorrect because while some vegetables may trigger aversions, others might be tolerated and provide important nutrients needed.

Correct Answer: Medication reconciliation performed

Option b is correct because reviewing all supplements identifies duplications and excessive doses preventing toxicity from fat-soluble vitamin accumulation occurring.
Option a is incorrect because increasing doses would worsen toxicity risk, potentially causing liver damage and other serious complications developing progressively.
Option c is incorrect because adding more vitamins compounds the problem and increases risk of multiple vitamin toxicities occurring simultaneously.
Option d is incorrect because ignoring supplement use allows dangerous accumulation to continue, risking permanent organ damage from vitamin toxicity.

Correct Answer: Increase fiber gradually

Option b is correct because fiber softens stool and reduces straining, preventing hemorrhoid aggravation while promoting healing over time progressively.
Option a is incorrect because low fiber diets cause constipation and straining, worsening hemorrhoids and increasing bleeding risk significantly occurring repeatedly.
Option c is incorrect because eliminating fluids causes hard stools requiring straining, directly aggravating hemorrhoids and delaying healing processes naturally occurring.
Option d is incorrect because avoiding food leads to malnutrition without addressing the underlying need for appropriate fiber and fluid intake.

Correct Answer: Liberal diet maintained

Option b is correct because cystic fibrosis requires high calories while diabetes management focuses on glycemic control without restricting intake excessively.
Option a is incorrect because calorie restriction would cause malnutrition and growth failure in the hypermetabolic state of cystic fibrosis present.
Option c is incorrect because fats provide essential concentrated calories for cystic fibrosis, though enzyme replacement aids absorption when needed appropriately.
Option d is incorrect because adequate protein supports growth and immune function critical in cystic fibrosis management long-term consistently required.

Correct Answer: Check skin turgor

Option b is correct because physical assessment including skin turgor provides objective hydration information when patients cannot communicate reliably about thirst.
Option a is incorrect because cognitively impaired patients may not recognize or communicate thirst sensations accurately when directly questioned about symptoms.
Option c is incorrect because weight alone doesn't distinguish between fluid shifts and true dehydration in elderly patients with multiple conditions.
Option d is incorrect because ignoring hydration risks serious complications including kidney injury, confusion worsening, and cardiovascular compromise in elderly.

Correct Answer: Moderate balanced diet

Option b is correct because balanced nutrition supports liver function without overwhelming its metabolic capacity during chronic hepatitis infection management ongoing.
Option a is incorrect because excessive protein stresses the liver and may precipitate encephalopathy in patients with compromised liver function already.
Option c is incorrect because any alcohol consumption damages hepatocytes and accelerates progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis patients specifically.
Option d is incorrect because fast food's high fat and sodium content stresses liver metabolism and promotes fatty liver disease development.

Correct Answer: Strict diet control

Option b is correct because maintaining low phenylalanine levels prevents fetal brain damage while providing adequate nutrition for pregnancy needs specifically.
Option a is incorrect because increased phenylalanine causes maternal levels to rise, causing irreversible fetal intellectual disability and microcephaly development subsequently.
Option c is incorrect because some protein is necessary for fetal growth, using medical foods providing amino acids except phenylalanine specifically.
Option d is incorrect because regular diet contains phenylalanine levels toxic to the developing fetal brain in PKU mothers particularly.

Correct Answer: Gradual feeding advancement

Option b is correct because slow feeding progression allows intestinal healing while monitoring tolerance to prevent recurrence of inflammation occurring repeatedly.
Option a is incorrect because rapid feeding advancement can trigger NEC recurrence in recovering premature infants with fragile intestinal tissue present.
Option c is incorrect because prolonged NPO causes intestinal atrophy and delays establishment of full enteral nutrition ultimately needed for growth.
Option d is incorrect because breast milk provides protective factors reducing NEC risk and should be preferred when available for premature infants.

Correct Answer: Calcium and vitamin D

Option b is correct because corticosteroids cause bone loss requiring calcium and vitamin D supplementation to prevent osteoporosis development over time.
Option a is incorrect because simple sugars worsen steroid-induced hyperglycemia and increase diabetes risk in patients on chronic corticosteroids consistently.
Option c is incorrect because supplements, particularly calcium and vitamin D, are essential to counteract corticosteroid side effects on bones.
Option d is incorrect because sodium loading worsens fluid retention and hypertension commonly caused by corticosteroid therapy in patients treated.

Correct Answer: Low fat strict

Option b is correct because limiting fat reduces chyle production and lymphatic flow, allowing the thoracic duct to heal properly.
Option a is incorrect because high fat intake increases chyle production, worsening the leak and preventing healing of the damaged lymphatics.
Option c is incorrect because protein is essential for healing and immune function, with restriction potentially delaying recovery from surgery significantly.
Option d is incorrect because carbohydrates provide necessary energy without increasing lymphatic flow, making restriction unnecessary and potentially harmful overall.

Correct Answer: Systematic food diary

Option b is correct because tracking foods and symptoms helps identify triggers through patterns before implementing targeted elimination strategies effectively undertaken subsequently.
Option a is incorrect because eliminating all foods is dangerous and makes identifying specific triggers impossible while causing nutritional deficiencies unnecessarily.
Option c is incorrect because adding multiple foods during evaluation prevents identification of individual triggers causing urticaria episodes to occur repeatedly.
Option d is incorrect because ignoring symptoms prevents identification of food triggers and appropriate management of chronic urticaria when present persistently.

Correct Answer: Sodium replacement urgent

Option b is correct because Addison's crisis involves severe sodium loss requiring immediate replacement to prevent cardiovascular collapse and death potentially.
Option a is incorrect because sodium restriction would worsen the crisis, as these patients cannot retain sodium without adequate mineralocorticoid hormones present.
Option c is incorrect because potassium is often elevated in Addison's crisis and loading would cause dangerous hyperkalemia potentially fatal immediately.
Option d is incorrect because fluid replacement with sodium is essential for treating hypotension and shock in Addisonian crisis patients acutely.

Correct Answer: Gradual calorie progression

Option b is correct because slowly increasing calories prevents dangerous electrolyte shifts that can cause cardiac failure in refeeding syndrome.
Option a is incorrect because rapid calorie increases trigger phosphate, magnesium, and potassium shifts causing potentially fatal cardiac complications occurring suddenly.
Option c is incorrect because maximum calories immediately would guarantee severe refeeding syndrome in malnourished elderly patients at high risk inherently.
Option d is incorrect because balanced macronutrients are needed, and protein alone doesn't prevent electrolyte shifts causing refeeding syndrome complications.

Correct Answer: Vegetable protein emphasis

Option b is correct because plant proteins produce less ammonia and contain fiber that helps eliminate nitrogen through the gut effectively.
Option a is incorrect because meat proteins generate more ammonia than plant sources, worsening mental status in hepatic encephalopathy patients specifically.
Option c is incorrect because eliminating food causes malnutrition and muscle breakdown, paradoxically increasing ammonia production from catabolism occurring subsequently afterward.
Option d is incorrect because doubling protein overwhelms the liver's impaired ability to process ammonia, severely worsening encephalopathy symptoms immediately.

Correct Answer: Low FODMAP approach

Option b is correct because reducing fermentable carbohydrates starves excess bacteria while allowing intestinal healing and symptom improvement over time.
Option a is incorrect because sugar feeds bacterial overgrowth, worsening gas, bloating, and diarrhea in affected patients with SIBO present.
Option c is incorrect because fermentable foods provide substrate for bacterial fermentation, exacerbating symptoms and preventing resolution of overgrowth naturally occurring.
Option d is incorrect because lactose feeds bacteria and often isn't absorbed properly with SIBO, worsening symptoms significantly in patients affected.

Correct Answer: Anti-inflammatory foods emphasized

Option b is correct because omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants may help reduce inflammation and disease activity in lupus patients.
Option a is incorrect because high sodium can worsen hypertension and kidney problems common in lupus patients requiring careful monitoring consistently.
Option c is incorrect because vegetables provide antioxidants and phytonutrients that may help reduce inflammation and support overall health maintenance.
Option d is incorrect because processed foods often contain inflammatory ingredients and lack nutrients needed for managing chronic disease effectively long-term.

Correct Answer: Oral zinc supplementation

Option a is correct because oral zinc effectively replaces losses from diarrhea and supports wound healing when absorbed adequately over time.
Option b is incorrect because IV zinc is rarely necessary and oral supplementation is safer and effective for most deficiency cases typically.
Option c is incorrect because eliminating zinc would worsen deficiency, further impairing wound healing and immune function in affected patients significantly.
Option d is incorrect because copper alone doesn't address zinc deficiency and excessive copper without zinc causes imbalances affecting health negatively.