D440 Health and Wellness Through Nutritional Science - Set 5 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Iron-fortified cereals first

Option b is correct because iron stores deplete around six months, making iron-fortified cereals an ideal first food while continuing breastfeeding concurrently.
Option a is incorrect because breastfeeding should continue alongside solid foods for at least one year providing immunity and bonding benefits persistently.
Option c is incorrect because honey before age one risks infant botulism from spores that immature digestive systems cannot neutralize safely.
Option d is incorrect because whole nuts pose choking hazards and should be avoided until age four when chewing skills develop adequately.

Correct Answer: Potassium depletion critical

Option b is correct because purging causes severe potassium loss leading to cardiac arrhythmias and potential sudden death requiring immediate replacement urgently.
Option a is incorrect because sodium excess is uncommon in bulimia, with hyponatremia from water loading being more typical when occurring occasionally.
Option c is incorrect because calcium overload doesn't typically occur with purging behaviors and isn't an immediate life threat comparatively considered clinically.
Option d is incorrect because iron toxicity isn't associated with bulimia nervosa and wouldn't result from purging behaviors typically seen commonly.

Correct Answer: Increase caloric density

Option b is correct because concentrated nutrition compensates for increased energy expenditure from labored breathing while limiting meal volume affecting respiration minimally.
Option a is incorrect because decreasing calories would worsen muscle wasting and respiratory muscle weakness in already hypermetabolic COPD patients significantly affected progressively.
Option c is incorrect because protein maintains respiratory muscle strength essential for breathing effort in COPD patients requiring continuous muscular work constantly.
Option d is incorrect because fats provide concentrated calories efficiently without increasing carbon dioxide production like carbohydrates do in respiratory compromise.

Correct Answer: Limit calcium moderately

Option b is correct because moderate calcium restriction helps reduce serum levels while avoiding severe restriction that could worsen bone disease paradoxically.
Option a is incorrect because increasing calcium would dangerously elevate already high serum levels, risking kidney stones and mental status changes occurring.
Option c is incorrect because vitamin D increases calcium absorption and would worsen hypercalcemia in hyperparathyroid patients significantly when supplemented additionally given unnecessarily.
Option d is incorrect because adequate hydration helps excrete excess calcium and prevents kidney stone formation in hypercalcemic patients requiring continuous filtration.

Correct Answer: Double protein requirements

Option b is correct because extensive burns create massive protein losses through wound exudate requiring aggressive replacement for healing and survival ultimately.
Option a is incorrect because standard protein intake cannot meet the dramatically increased demands for wound healing and immune function in major burns.
Option c is incorrect because burn patients have extremely high caloric needs from hypermetabolism, with restriction causing death from malnutrition inevitably occurring rapidly.
Option d is incorrect because burns cause massive fluid losses requiring aggressive replacement to maintain circulation and prevent kidney failure developing subsequently.

Correct Answer: B12 deficiency possible

Option b is correct because metformin interferes with B12 absorption in the terminal ileum, requiring monitoring and possible supplementation over time progressively.
Option a is incorrect because metformin doesn't directly cause iron deficiency, though diarrhea might contribute to losses if severe and prolonged consistently.
Option c is incorrect because metformin doesn't cause vitamin C excess, and this wouldn't result from medication-induced diarrhea occurring regularly over time.
Option d is incorrect because calcium overload isn't associated with metformin use or chronic diarrhea, making this concern unfounded clinically speaking practically.

Correct Answer: Texture modification begun

Option b is correct because early texture modification maintains safe oral intake while accommodating progressive swallowing weakness preventing aspiration pneumonia developing subsequently occurring.
Option a is incorrect because maintaining regular diet with bulbar symptoms risks aspiration and pneumonia, hastening respiratory failure in ALS patients progressively.
Option c is incorrect because immediate NPO isn't necessary if texture modifications allow safe swallowing, preserving quality of life initially when possible.
Option d is incorrect because increasing fluids, especially thin liquids, increases aspiration risk when bulbar muscles weaken in ALS patients affected neurologically.

Correct Answer: Low fat diet

Option b is correct because limiting fat reduces bile acid secretion and improves stool consistency after gallbladder removal in affected patients typically.
Option a is incorrect because high fat intake stimulates excessive bile release causing severe diarrhea when the gallbladder's storage function is absent.
Option c is incorrect because protein doesn't directly affect bile acid diarrhea and elimination would cause malnutrition without improving symptoms significantly experienced persistently.
Option d is incorrect because carbohydrate restriction isn't necessary for bile acid diarrhea and could limit important energy sources unnecessarily restricted problematically.

Correct Answer: Moderate fat intake

Option b is correct because moderate fat provides essential nutrients while avoiding pancreatic overstimulation that could trigger pain and inflammation recurring repeatedly.
Option a is incorrect because high fat strongly stimulates pancreatic secretion, potentially triggering acute pancreatitis episodes in chronic pancreatitis patients particularly vulnerable inherently.
Option c is incorrect because eliminating fat causes essential fatty acid deficiency and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption despite reducing pancreatic stimulation achieved temporarily.
Option d is incorrect because fat loading would overwhelm the damaged pancreas causing severe pain, malabsorption, and potentially acute pancreatitis developing immediately.

Correct Answer: MIND diet approach

Option b is correct because combining Mediterranean and DASH diet principles may slow cognitive decline through anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects documented scientifically.
Option a is incorrect because saturated fat may increase inflammation and vascular disease risk, potentially accelerating cognitive decline in vulnerable individuals progressively worsening.
Option c is incorrect because vegetables provide antioxidants and nutrients that support brain health and may protect against cognitive decline naturally occurring.
Option d is incorrect because simple sugars promote inflammation and glycemic variability that may worsen cognitive function over time consistently documented regularly.

Correct Answer: Aggressive hydration required

Option b is correct because high fluid intake dilutes myoglobin and prevents its precipitation in kidneys, preventing acute kidney injury developing subsequently.
Option a is incorrect because protein loading would increase nitrogen waste when kidneys are vulnerable to injury from myoglobin already present systemically circulating.
Option c is incorrect because rhabdomyolysis releases potassium from damaged muscles, making supplementation dangerous with hyperkalemia risk already elevated significantly present inherently.
Option d is incorrect because fluid restriction would concentrate myoglobin in kidneys causing tubular damage and acute kidney failure inevitably occurring without intervention.

Correct Answer: Six-food elimination diet

Option b is correct because eliminating milk, egg, wheat, soy, nuts, and seafood identifies triggers in most eosinophilic esophagitis patients effectively.
Option a is incorrect because common allergens trigger eosinophil infiltration causing dysphagia, food impaction, and esophageal strictures potentially developing over time progressively.
Option c is incorrect because adding multiple foods during active inflammation prevents identification of triggers and worsens esophageal damage occurring continuously without improvement.
Option d is incorrect because continuing regular diet maintains eosinophilic inflammation leading to complications including strictures and food impaction episodes recurring frequently persistently.

Correct Answer: Phosphorus limitation critical

Option b is correct because phosphorus retention stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion, worsening bone disease and vascular calcification in kidney disease progressively.
Option a is incorrect because while sodium restriction helps blood pressure, it doesn't directly address hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients specifically.
Option c is incorrect because increasing potassium would be dangerous in kidney disease where hyperkalemia risk is already elevated substantially present inherently.
Option d is incorrect because calcium loading without addressing phosphorus could worsen vascular calcification through elevated calcium-phosphorus product dangerously increasing progressively occurring.

Correct Answer: Gastrostomy tube placement

Option b is correct because gastrostomy provides reliable nutrition while bypassing the oropharynx, preventing aspiration in neurologically impaired patients significantly affected persistently.
Option a is incorrect because continuing oral feeding with recurrent aspiration risks fatal pneumonia and doesn't meet nutritional needs adequately or safely.
Option c is incorrect because long-term nasogastric tubes cause sinusitis, increase aspiration risk, and are inappropriate for permanent feeding requirements needed continuously.
Option d is incorrect because parenteral nutrition should be reserved for non-functional GI tracts, carrying higher risks than enteral feeding when possible.

Correct Answer: Branched-chain amino restriction

Option b is correct because restricting leucine, isoleucine, and valine prevents toxic accumulation causing encephalopathy and developmental delays in affected individuals.
Option a is incorrect because high protein intake would cause dangerous accumulation of branched-chain amino acids leading to metabolic crisis and brain damage.
Option c is incorrect because some protein is necessary using special medical foods providing essential amino acids except branched-chain ones specifically restricted carefully.
Option d is incorrect because regular diet contains branched-chain amino acids that accumulate toxically, causing irreversible neurological damage without restriction maintained consistently.

Correct Answer: Nutrient-dense diet emphasized

Option b is correct because concentrated nutrition compensates for potential malabsorption while supporting fetal growth during inflammatory bowel disease management required continuously.
Option a is incorrect because calorie restriction compromises fetal development and may trigger disease flares through nutritional stress in pregnant IBD patients.
Option c is incorrect because some fiber types may be beneficial, and complete elimination risks constipation and microbiome disruption affecting both conditions negatively.
Option d is incorrect because extended fasting can trigger flares and deprives the fetus of consistent nutrition during critical development periods occurring.

Correct Answer: Copper supplementation needed

Option b is correct because zinc competes with copper absorption, and long-term supplementation causes copper deficiency requiring replacement therapy to correct imbalance.
Option a is incorrect because increasing zinc would worsen copper deficiency through competitive inhibition of absorption in the intestinal tract occurring progressively.
Option c is incorrect because eliminating all minerals would cause multiple deficiencies without addressing the specific copper-zinc imbalance present from supplementation previously taken.
Option d is incorrect because iron doesn't correct copper deficiency and may interfere with copper absorption if given in excess amounts unnecessarily.

Correct Answer: Fasting avoided ideally

Option b is correct because fasting increases unconjugated bilirubin levels in Gilbert's syndrome, worsening jaundice appearance though remaining benign clinically overall typically.
Option a is incorrect because fat intake doesn't significantly affect bilirubin metabolism in Gilbert's syndrome, making high fat unnecessary and potentially unhealthy.
Option c is incorrect because alcohol stresses the liver and may worsen jaundice episodes, despite Gilbert's syndrome being benign generally speaking clinically.
Option d is incorrect because protein elimination isn't necessary in Gilbert's syndrome and would cause malnutrition without improving bilirubin levels significantly affected minimally.

Correct Answer: Small frequent meals

Option b is correct because small meals prevent dyspnea from gastric distension while providing adequate nutrition for cachexia without worsening heart failure.
Option a is incorrect because fluid overload worsens heart failure symptoms including dyspnea and edema without addressing nutritional needs in cachexia effectively.
Option c is incorrect because sodium loading exacerbates fluid retention and heart failure while not improving the metabolic derangements causing cachexia specifically present.
Option d is incorrect because calorie restriction worsens cachexia and muscle wasting, further compromising cardiac function in heart failure patients already struggling.

Correct Answer: Eliminate trigger foods

Option b is correct because avoiding acidic foods, caffeine, and artificial sweeteners reduces bladder irritation and pain in sensitive individuals significantly affected.
Option a is incorrect because acidic foods like tomatoes and citrus commonly trigger bladder pain and urgency in interstitial cystitis patients consistently documented.
Option c is incorrect because caffeine irritates the bladder and worsens urgency and frequency symptoms in interstitial cystitis patients particularly sensitive inherently.
Option d is incorrect because spicy foods often trigger flares and increase pain in interstitial cystitis through bladder irritation occurring directly subsequently.