D444 Adult Health I - Set 2 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Upright for hours

Option c is correct because remaining upright for two to three hours after meals uses gravity preventing reflux and easing dysphagia.
Option a is incorrect because lying flat immediately after eating worsens reflux and dysphagia by allowing stomach contents to herniate upward.
Option b is incorrect because side lying still allows reflux; upright positioning is superior for preventing hiatal hernia symptoms effectively overall.
Option d is incorrect because Trendelenburg position would worsen symptoms by inverting the body and promoting upward herniation of stomach.

Correct Answer: Decreased blood glucose

Option a is correct because falling blood glucose indicates insulin is effectively promoting cellular glucose uptake, resolving the metabolic crisis.
Option b is incorrect because successful treatment decreases not increases ketone production as insulin allows glucose utilization instead of fat breakdown.
Option c is incorrect because insulin therapy causes potassium to shift intracellularly, decreasing not elevating serum potassium levels during treatment.
Option d is incorrect because successful treatment increases bicarbonate as acidosis resolves, not decreases it further during insulin therapy administration.

Correct Answer: Antifungal medications

Option b is correct because candida is a fungal infection requiring antifungal medications like nystatin or fluconazole for effective treatment.
Option a is incorrect because antibacterials do not treat fungal infections and may worsen candida by further disrupting normal flora balance.
Option c is incorrect because antivirals target viral infections not the fungal organism causing thrush in the oral cavity described.
Option d is incorrect because antiparasitics treat protozoal or helminthic infections, not fungal infections like candida thrush requiring antifungals specifically.

Correct Answer: Report to provider

Option c is correct because neuropsychiatric effects like confusion and agitation from oseltamivir require immediate provider notification for evaluation.
Option a is incorrect because continuing medication with neuropsychiatric symptoms risks worsening mental status changes requiring immediate assessment and intervention.
Option b is incorrect because nurses cannot independently adjust oseltamivir dosing; provider notification is required for medication changes or discontinuation.
Option d is incorrect because sedation masks symptoms without addressing the underlying medication reaction requiring provider evaluation and management decisions.

Correct Answer: Vertigo without hearing changes

Option c is correct because vestibular neuritis causes isolated vertigo while Meniere's includes hearing loss and tinnitus with vertigo episodes.
Option a is incorrect because hearing loss characterizes Meniere's disease not vestibular neuritis which spares auditory function despite severe vertigo present.
Option b is incorrect because tinnitus occurs in Meniere's disease; vestibular neuritis affects balance without auditory symptoms like ringing sounds.
Option d is incorrect because both conditions typically present unilaterally; bilateral symptoms suggest different diagnoses requiring further evaluation for cause.

Correct Answer: Three feet

Option b is correct because respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing typically fall within three feet, defining droplet precaution distances.
Option a is incorrect because one foot is insufficient distance as droplets travel further when expelled forcefully through coughing or sneezing.
Option c is incorrect because six feet exceeds typical droplet travel distance; this represents social distancing not standard droplet precaution requirements.
Option d is incorrect because ten feet far exceeds droplet travel range; airborne particles not droplets travel such distances requiring different precautions.

Correct Answer: Abdominal ultrasound

Option b is correct because ultrasound visualizes gallstones, gallbladder wall thickening, and pericholecystic fluid confirming acute cholecystitis diagnosis accurately.
Option a is incorrect because liver biopsy evaluates liver parenchyma not gallbladder inflammation, posing unnecessary risk for cholecystitis diagnosis confirmation.
Option c is incorrect because colonoscopy examines the colon not the gallbladder, providing no diagnostic value for suspected cholecystitis evaluation needed.
Option d is incorrect because upper endoscopy visualizes esophagus, stomach, and duodenum but cannot assess gallbladder for cholecystitis diagnosis effectively.

Correct Answer: Avoid all alcohol

Option b is correct because alcohol significantly increases isoniazid hepatotoxicity risk, requiring complete abstinence during tuberculosis treatment to prevent damage.
Option a is incorrect because while monitoring helps detect problems, avoiding alcohol actively prevents hepatotoxicity from developing during treatment initially.
Option c is incorrect because taking with food may help tolerance but does not prevent the hepatotoxic effects of isoniazid specifically.
Option d is incorrect because hydration does not prevent hepatotoxicity though it supports overall health during tuberculosis treatment regimen periods.

Correct Answer: Breathing into bag

Option b is correct because rebreathing exhaled air from a bag increases carbon dioxide levels, quickly correcting respiratory alkalosis effectively.
Option a is incorrect because oxygen administration does not address the low CO2 causing alkalosis from hyperventilation during anxiety attacks specifically.
Option c is incorrect because sedatives take time to work; breathing techniques provide immediate CO2 retention for pH correction needed quickly.
Option d is incorrect because bicarbonate would worsen alkalosis; the patient needs CO2 retention not additional base administration causing problems.

Correct Answer: Oncotic pressure

Option b is correct because albumin creates oncotic pressure that holds fluid in vessels; low albumin allows fluid shift causing edema.
Option a is incorrect because hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of vessels; it is not maintained by albumin protein in the blood.
Option c is incorrect because while related, osmotic pressure refers to solute concentration generally while oncotic specifically means protein-created pressure gradients.
Option d is incorrect because atmospheric pressure is external environmental pressure unrelated to albumin's role in maintaining intravascular fluid balance effectively.