D446 Adult Health II - Set 2 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Skip lesions identified

Crohn's disease characteristically shows skip lesions with normal bowel between inflamed segments, distinguishing it from ulcerative colitis's continuous involvement pattern.
Option a is incorrect because bloody diarrhea occurs in both conditions, though more common in ulcerative colitis affecting the colon.
Option c is incorrect because rectal involvement is characteristic of ulcerative colitis which starts rectally; Crohn's can affect any GI location.
Option d is incorrect because continuous inflammation from rectum proximally characterizes ulcerative colitis, while Crohn's shows patchy distribution patterns.

Correct Answer: Hypoalbuminemia severe occurring

Massive protein loss in nephrotic syndrome specifically causes severe hypoalbuminemia, leading to edema from oncotic pressure loss, confirming the diagnosis.
Option a is incorrect because hematuria is more characteristic of nephritic syndrome; nephrotic syndrome primarily involves protein loss, not bleeding.
Option c is incorrect because hypertension is more common in nephritic syndrome; nephrotic syndrome may have normal or low blood pressure.
Option d is incorrect because oliguria suggests acute kidney injury or nephritic syndrome; nephrotic syndrome typically maintains normal urine output.

Correct Answer: Multiple loose stools

Lactulose should produce two to three soft stools daily to adequately remove ammonia from the intestines, reducing encephalopathy symptoms effectively.
Option a is incorrect because one formed stool indicates insufficient lactulose effect; more frequent, looser stools are needed for ammonia removal.
Option c is incorrect because simply resolving constipation isn't enough; active ammonia elimination requires multiple daily bowel movements for effectiveness.
Option d is incorrect because stopping diarrhea would indicate excessive dose reduction; some loose stools are therapeutic for ammonia removal.

Correct Answer: Arterial embolism occurred

Atrial fibrillation causes blood stasis forming clots that embolize to arteries, causing sudden pain and pulselessness requiring immediate intervention.
Option a is incorrect because DVT causes leg swelling and pain but maintains arterial pulses; absent pulses indicate arterial, not venous occlusion.
Option c is incorrect because aortic dissection causes tearing chest pain radiating to back with pulse deficits, not isolated back pain presentation.
Option d is incorrect because spinal compression causes neurological deficits and back pain but doesn't affect peripheral pulses like arterial occlusion.

Correct Answer: PTU and propranolol

PTU blocks thyroid hormone synthesis while propranolol controls dangerous cardiovascular effects, providing immediate symptom control in life-threatening thyroid storm.
Option a is incorrect because while hyperglycemia may occur in thyroid storm, it's not the primary treatment priority over hormone control.
Option c is incorrect because calcium and vitamin D treat hypoparathyroidism or osteoporosis, not the acute hyperthyroid crisis requiring management.
Option d is incorrect because while heart failure may develop, specific thyroid storm treatment with antithyroid drugs takes priority over symptomatic management.

Correct Answer: Sleep deprivation occurring

Sleep deprivation significantly lowers seizure threshold in epileptic patients, making adequate sleep essential for seizure prevention and control maintenance.
Option a is incorrect because dietary protein doesn't typically trigger seizures; maintaining stable blood sugar is more important than protein restriction.
Option c is incorrect because moderate caffeine rarely triggers seizures; excessive amounts or withdrawal might affect some sensitive individuals occasionally.
Option d is incorrect because regular light exercise generally benefits epilepsy management through stress reduction and overall health improvement.

Correct Answer: Bone pain present

Osteomalacia causes bone pain from defective mineralization creating soft, painful bones, while osteoporosis typically remains painless until fractures occur.
Option a is incorrect because both conditions increase fracture risk, making this feature non-distinguishing between osteomalacia and osteoporosis diagnoses.
Option c is incorrect because height loss occurs in both conditions from vertebral changes, not specifically distinguishing osteomalacia from osteoporosis.
Option d is incorrect because kyphosis can develop in both conditions from vertebral deformities, not uniquely identifying osteomalacia presence.

Correct Answer: Pulmonary toxicity development

Amiodarone uniquely causes potentially fatal pulmonary fibrosis requiring regular chest x-rays and pulmonary function monitoring unlike other antiarrhythmic medications.
Option a is incorrect because amiodarone doesn't primarily affect kidneys; renal toxicity isn't a major concern requiring specific monitoring.
Option c is incorrect because while liver monitoring is needed, many drugs affect liver; pulmonary toxicity is amiodarone's unique concern.
Option d is incorrect because most antiarrhythmics can affect electrolytes; pulmonary toxicity is the distinctive amiodarone risk requiring surveillance.

Correct Answer: Causes sphincter spasm

Morphine causes sphincter of Oddi spasm, potentially worsening biliary colic and obstructing bile flow, making meperidine traditionally preferred for cholecystitis.
Option a is incorrect because all opioids can mask symptoms; this isn't specific to morphine or unique to cholecystitis management.
Option c is incorrect because respiratory depression risk exists with all opioids at therapeutic doses, not specifically morphine in cholecystitis.
Option d is incorrect because allergic reactions aren't more common with morphine in cholecystitis than other conditions or medications.

Correct Answer: Graduated activity pacing

Gradual activity increase with pacing prevents post-exertional malaise while building endurance, effectively managing long COVID fatigue and respiratory symptoms.
Option a is incorrect because antibiotics don't help post-viral syndrome; long COVID requires symptomatic management and gradual rehabilitation, not antimicrobials.
Option c is incorrect because complete rest can worsen deconditioning; gradual activity with appropriate pacing promotes recovery more effectively.
Option d is incorrect because bronchodilators alone don't address the complex fatigue and multi-system effects of long COVID syndrome.