D564 Theories of Personality - Set 5 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Undoing mechanism

Undoing involves ritualistic behaviors attempting to magically cancel anxiety-provoking thoughts through repetitive actions that feel protective psychologically.
Option a is incorrect because ritualization isn't a specific defense mechanism; the organizing represents undoing anxiety through controlled actions performed.
Option c is incorrect because isolation separates thoughts from feelings; excessive organizing actively attempts undoing anxiety not isolating emotions.
Option d is incorrect because compulsive repetition involves relationship patterns; desk organizing represents undoing anxiety through ritualistic control behaviors.

Correct Answer: Shadow integration need

Dangerous activities may represent attempts to integrate repressed shadow aspects containing vitality and wildness denied by conscious personality.
Option a is incorrect because Jung didn't emphasize death wishes; dangerous activities often represent life force not death seeking behaviorally.
Option c is incorrect because this is psychodynamic not Jungian; Jung saw forward-looking purpose not just trauma repetition in behaviors.
Option d is incorrect because while partially true, Jung emphasized deeper symbolic meaning beyond simple sensation seeking in risky behaviors.

Correct Answer: Creative self expression

The creative self actively constructs unique personality from experiences, explaining how identical twins develop different personalities despite similar circumstances.
Option a is incorrect because Adler emphasized purposeful not random development; creative self actively shapes personality not random factors operating.
Option c is incorrect because while relevant, creative self is more fundamental than parental preference in Adler's theory of personality.
Option d is incorrect because twins share birth order position; creative self better explains personality differences between twins specifically observed.

Correct Answer: Disrupted attachment formation

Hospitalization during trust versus mistrust stage disrupts consistent caregiver bonding, potentially creating lasting trust difficulties affecting personality development.
Option a is incorrect because early hospitalization typically increases dependency needs rather than enhancing independence in personality development patterns observed.
Option c is incorrect because premature challenges don't accelerate healthy maturity; they disrupt normal developmental progression through psychosocial stages sequentially.
Option d is incorrect because early hospitalization often impairs rather than improves resilience by disrupting fundamental trust formation processes.

Correct Answer: Neurotic self-sabotage

Perfectionism protecting against criticism by never finishing represents neurotic solution maintaining idealized self while avoiding real evaluation potentially.
Option a is incorrect because neurotic perfectionism involves impossible standards preventing completion not genuinely high but achievable standards maintained.
Option c is incorrect because healthy striving enables completion; neurotic perfectionism paralyzes through fear of imperfection being revealed publicly.
Option d is incorrect because while culture influences, paralytic perfectionism represents individual neurotic strategy beyond cultural achievement values generally held.

Correct Answer: Motivational significance

Traits have motivational significance and dynamic quality while habits are automatic responses lacking the motivational force traits possess characteristically.
Option a is incorrect because both habits and traits can operate consciously or unconsciously; motivation not awareness distinguishes them fundamentally.
Option c is incorrect because both can be stable; the distinction involves motivational quality not stability of behavioral patterns observed.
Option d is incorrect because both can be visible or hidden; the key difference is motivational significance not social observability necessarily.

Correct Answer: Individual distinctiveness

Unique traits capture individual distinctiveness beyond common traits shared across people, explaining personality uniqueness within general trait frameworks.
Option a is incorrect because importance varies by purpose; unique traits aren't necessarily more important than common traits for understanding.
Option c is incorrect because while challenging, measurement difficulty doesn't define unique traits; they represent individual distinctiveness conceptually not methodologically.
Option d is incorrect because both unique and common traits can have genetic components; origin doesn't distinguish them fundamentally observed.

Correct Answer: Overconfidence effects

Excessive self-efficacy can reduce preparation effort and attention to task demands, leading to poor performance despite confidence levels.
Option b is incorrect because the scenario involves high efficacy with poor performance, suggesting overconfidence not skill deficits primarily responsible.
Option c is incorrect because high self-efficacy typically reduces not increases anxiety; overconfidence better explains performance problems here described.
Option d is incorrect because high self-efficacy usually increases motivation; the issue involves inadequate preparation from overconfidence not motivation loss.

Correct Answer: Personal meaning assigned

Individuals assign different subjective values to same rewards based on personal history and goals, creating behavioral differences observed systematically.
Option a is incorrect because Mischel emphasizes cognitive interpretation over genetic factors in explaining response differences to identical stimuli presented.
Option c is incorrect because subjective values follow systematic patterns from personal history not random variation in response patterns occurring.
Option d is incorrect because while culture matters, subjective values are individually constructed meanings not just cultural influences operating broadly.

Correct Answer: Strategic thinking deployment

Using cognitive strategies like distraction and reframing predicts success better than raw ability to suppress desire or emotions.
Option a is incorrect because successful delay involves cognitive strategies more than emotional control; thinking not feeling management predicts outcomes.
Option c is incorrect because lower not higher reward sensitivity aids delay; strategic thinking matters more than sensitivity levels present.
Option d is incorrect because individual strategy development predicts outcomes better than parental training; it's personal skill not teaching received.

Correct Answer: Anxiety emerges

Experiences contradicting self-concept create anxiety, signaling incongruence between organismic experiencing and constructed self-image requiring defensive distortion or growth.
Option a is incorrect because growth requires accepting contradictory experiences; initial response is anxiety not immediate growth occurring automatically necessarily.
Option c is incorrect because integration requires working through anxiety; initial conflict creates distress not integration happening immediately observed typically.
Option d is incorrect because anxiety often triggers defense reducing awareness; initial response involves distress not increased consciousness necessarily occurring.

Correct Answer: Esteem needs only

Success often satisfies only esteem needs while self-actualization needs remain unmet, creating emptiness despite achievement and recognition gained.
Option a is incorrect because existential emptiness often reflects unmet growth needs not mental illness in successful individuals experiencing meaninglessness.
Option c is incorrect because successful people may have relationships; emptiness reflects unmet self-actualization not necessarily relationship failures present actually.
Option d is incorrect because Maslow emphasized universal growth potential; emptiness reflects unmet higher needs not genetic factors limiting actualization.

Correct Answer: Neuroticism interaction

Introversion combines with neuroticism levels; stable introverts may enjoy parties while neurotic introverts find them anxiety-provoking consistently experienced.
Option a is incorrect because Eysenck emphasized biological temperament interactions over learned behavior in explaining personality expression variations observed individually.
Option c is incorrect because biological temperament matters more than training; neuroticism-introversion interaction explains party enjoyment differences better fundamentally.
Option d is incorrect because temperament interactions explain individual differences within cultures; it's personality not cultural factors primarily determining enjoyment.

Correct Answer: Conscious accessibility

Cognitive theories assume personality processes are potentially conscious and modifiable while psychodynamic emphasizes unconscious determination fundamentally inaccessible directly.
Option a is incorrect because both can use scientific methods; the fundamental difference involves assumptions about consciousness not methodology employed.
Option c is incorrect because both value research though differently; the core distinction involves conscious accessibility not research importance acknowledged.
Option d is incorrect because treatment differences follow from theoretical assumptions; conscious accessibility is the fundamental philosophical distinction present theoretically.

Correct Answer: Central trait reorganization

Religious conversion can reorganize central traits around new unifying philosophy, creating rapid personality change through motivational restructuring occurring psychologically.
Option a is incorrect because Allport explained conversion psychologically not supernaturally; trait reorganization not divine intervention causes personality change observed.
Option c is incorrect because Allport emphasized conscious changes in conversion; it's trait reorganization not unconscious emergence primarily occurring typically.
Option d is incorrect because while social factors matter, internal trait reorganization around new values explains transformation more fundamentally observed.

Correct Answer: Reluctant to seek

Avoidant attachment creates self-reliance patterns making individuals reluctant to seek help even when needed, maintaining defensive independence consistently.
Option a is incorrect because avoidant attachment decreases not increases help-seeking; excessive requests characterize anxious not avoidant attachment patterns.
Option c is incorrect because avoidant attachment impairs appropriate help-seeking through defensive self-reliance preventing vulnerability acknowledgment when needed genuinely.
Option d is incorrect because avoidant attachment creates consistent self-reliance not chaotic patterns; help-avoidance is predictable not random behaviorally.

Correct Answer: Intensity of exposure

Flooding involves immediate intense exposure while desensitization uses gradual exposure hierarchy, representing different behavioral change approaches utilized therapeutically.
Option a is incorrect because while flooding is faster, the key difference is exposure intensity not just speed of treatment necessarily.
Option c is incorrect because effectiveness varies by condition and person; the distinction involves method not success rates generally observed.
Option d is incorrect because both use behavioral principles; the difference is procedural intensity not theoretical foundation underlying treatment approaches.

Correct Answer: Impedes differentiation

Participation mystique involves psychological fusion with others or objects, impeding individuation by preventing clear self-other differentiation developing properly.
Option a is incorrect because participation mystique opposes individuation; it maintains fusion rather than promoting individual development and differentiation occurring.
Option c is incorrect because fusion impedes rather than enhances creativity by preventing individual perspective development through maintained merger states.
Option d is incorrect because participation mystique represents developmental arrest not growth; it maintains primitive fusion preventing psychological development advancement.

Correct Answer: Mental versus physical

Cognitive rehearsal involves mental practice of behaviors and responses while behavioral practice involves actual performance, both facilitating personality change.
Option a is incorrect because cognitive rehearsal can be highly effective; mental practice complements rather than substitutes for behavioral practice optimally.
Option c is incorrect because cognitive rehearsal is conscious mental activity not unconscious process; it requires deliberate mental effort and attention.
Option d is incorrect because both can involve emotions; the distinction is mental versus physical practice not emotional involvement necessarily present.

Correct Answer: Understanding feelings

Rogers emphasized understanding and accepting all feelings including anger, creating safety for adolescent self-exploration without judgment or control.
Option a is incorrect because while boundaries exist, Rogers prioritized understanding over limit setting; acceptance precedes any structural interventions needed.
Option c is incorrect because behavioral contracts are directive; Rogers used non-directive acceptance and understanding not behavioral management approaches primarily.
Option d is incorrect because Rogers focused on individual client experience; parent consultation is secondary to understanding adolescent's feelings directly.