D564 Theories of Personality - Set 3 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Therapeutic rupture

Therapist incongruence breaks therapeutic safety through inauthenticity, disrupting the genuine relationship necessary for client growth and exploration.
Option a is incorrect because therapist incongruence impedes rather than promotes improvement; authenticity is essential for therapeutic effectiveness demonstrated consistently.
Option c is incorrect because this is psychodynamic; Rogers emphasized genuine relationship not transference as therapeutic mechanism operating primarily.
Option d is incorrect because resistance in Rogers' view stems from threatening conditions not therapist incongruence specifically causing defensive responses.

Correct Answer: Group coordination beliefs

Collective agency involves shared beliefs about group's coordinated capabilities, influencing individual behavior through perceived group efficacy operating simultaneously.
Option a is incorrect because collective agency powerfully influences individual behavior; it complements rather than weakens personal efficacy effects observed.
Option c is incorrect because collective agency involves conscious shared beliefs not unconscious processes; it's cognitive like individual efficacy.
Option d is incorrect because collective agency develops through shared experience not genetics; it's socially constructed not biologically determined fundamentally.

Correct Answer: Symbol creation bridging

Transcendent function creates symbols bridging conscious-unconscious conflicts, facilitating integration through symbolic resolution rather than rational solution alone.
Option a is incorrect because transcendent function integrates rather than eliminates conflict; it creates synthesis not removal of tensions.
Option c is incorrect because transcendent function promotes development not regression; it moves toward greater consciousness not backward developmentally.
Option d is incorrect because transcendent function transcends rational analysis through symbolic synthesis; it's beyond logical resolution alone entirely.

Correct Answer: Identity diffusion problems

Without solid identity, individuals fear losing themselves in relationships, creating either isolation or enmeshed boundaries preventing genuine intimacy.
Option a is incorrect because identity confusion impairs rather than enhances closeness; unclear self makes genuine intimacy threatening psychologically.
Option c is incorrect because identity confusion delays rather than accelerates development; unresolved stages impede subsequent developmental progress significantly.
Option d is incorrect because identity confusion creates boundary problems not improvements; unclear self produces poor relational boundaries consistently.

Correct Answer: Subjective interpretation required

Factor analysis identifies statistical patterns but researchers must subjectively interpret and name factors, introducing theoretical bias unavoidably present.
Option a is incorrect because while complex, this is manageable; the key limitation involves interpretation subjectivity not computational complexity primarily.
Option c is incorrect because factor analysis can reveal cultural differences; subjective interpretation not cultural bias is the acknowledged limitation.
Option d is incorrect because time requirements are practical not conceptual limitations; interpretation subjectivity is the theoretical issue acknowledged fundamentally.

Correct Answer: Impossible demands

The tyranny of shoulds imposes impossible self-demands creating constant failure and self-hatred when unrealistic standards aren't met.
Option a is incorrect because shoulds are unrealistic not realistic; they represent neurotic perfectionism not healthy expectation setting involved.
Option c is incorrect because shoulds isolate through impossible standards rather than creating support; they prevent genuine connection formation.
Option d is incorrect because shoulds stem from neurotic needs not healthy growth; they impede rather than facilitate development.

Correct Answer: Growth versus deficiency

Metaneeds motivate through growth and fulfillment seeking while basic needs operate through deficiency reduction and homeostasis maintenance primarily.
Option a is incorrect because metaneeds can be equally strong; the difference is quality not strength of motivational pull experienced.
Option c is incorrect because both can be conscious or unconscious; the distinction involves growth versus deficiency not awareness levels.
Option d is incorrect because both show cultural variation in expression; the distinction is motivational quality not cultural universality.

Correct Answer: Joint influence operation

Both self-efficacy and outcome expectancies must be favorable for action; high efficacy with poor expected outcomes inhibits behavior.
Option a is incorrect because outcome expectancies complement rather than replace efficacy; both contribute to behavioral decision-making processes involved.
Option c is incorrect because both operate consciously in decision-making; they're cognitive factors not unconscious influences on behavior.
Option d is incorrect because neither automatically overrides; they interact to jointly determine whether behavior will be attempted ultimately.

Correct Answer: Future-oriented growth

Propriate striving involves future-oriented growth seeking consistent with self-image while drive reduction emphasizes returning to homeostasis reactively.
Option a is incorrect because propriate striving is conscious and self-aware while drive reduction can be unconscious; consciousness isn't key.
Option c is incorrect because propriate striving is psychological while drive reduction is biological; the distinction involves psychological growth.
Option d is incorrect because propriate striving seeks growth not conflict resolution; it's about becoming not reducing tension primarily.

Correct Answer: Perception filtering

Internal representations create templates filtering how new relationships are perceived and experienced, shaping personality beyond actual interactions occurring.
Option a is incorrect because representations actively shape experience not just store memories; they're dynamic filters not passive storage systems.
Option c is incorrect because representations involve complex mental models beyond simple conditioning; they're cognitive-emotional schemas not behavioral associations.
Option d is incorrect because representations are psychological not genetic; they develop through experience not biological expression patterns observed.