D564 Theories of Personality - Set 4 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Experiencing shifts

Therapeutic movement shows through shifts from rigid to fluid experiencing, indicating increased organismic trust and reduced defensive distortion occurring.
Option a is incorrect because Rogers emphasized process over symptoms; experiencing changes matter more than symptom reduction achieved specifically necessarily.
Option c is incorrect because Rogers valued experiencing over insight; felt understanding matters more than intellectual understanding developed cognitively alone.
Option d is incorrect because behavior changes follow experiencing shifts; internal experiential change precedes and drives external behavioral changes observed.

Correct Answer: Others act for us

Proxy agency involves getting others to act on our behalf when we lack direct control, extending influence through social means.
Option a is incorrect because proxy agency can be powerful; it extends rather than weakens influence through social resources utilized effectively.
Option c is incorrect because proxy agency involves conscious strategic use of social resources not unconscious processes operating without awareness.
Option d is incorrect because proxy agency exists universally though expression varies; it's a universal not culture-specific agency form fundamentally.

Correct Answer: Opposite emergence

Enantiodromia describes how extreme one-sidedness eventually produces its opposite, explaining midlife shifts toward previously undeveloped personality aspects emerging.
Option a is incorrect because enantiodromia involves dramatic reversal not gradual evolution; it's about opposites emerging not slow change occurring.
Option c is incorrect because enantiodromia describes a principle not crisis resolution; it explains why opposites emerge not how crisis resolves.
Option d is incorrect because enantiodromia is internal psychological principle not social pressure; it's about psychic balance not social influence.

Correct Answer: Exploratory confidence

Trust creates confidence to explore environment safely, facilitating cognitive development through active engagement while mistrust inhibits exploration significantly limiting learning.
Option a is incorrect because trust affects exploration willingness not intelligence level; it influences learning engagement not cognitive capacity directly determined.
Option c is incorrect because trust affects general exploration not specific academic abilities; it's about engagement confidence not particular skills developed.
Option d is incorrect because trust affects exploration not memory formation directly; cognitive effects are mediated through exploratory behavior differences observed.

Correct Answer: Response distortion

Self-reports suffer from deliberate and unconscious distortions including social desirability and self-deception, limiting personality assessment accuracy potentially achieved.
Option a is incorrect because statistical issues are manageable; the fundamental challenge involves response honesty not analytical complexity encountered necessarily.
Option c is incorrect because while relevant, response distortion is more fundamental than cultural bias in self-report personality assessment challenges.
Option d is incorrect because time is practical not fundamental limitation; response distortion threatens validity more than time requirements do.

Correct Answer: Neurotic entitlement

Claims involve neurotic belief that one deserves special treatment without effort, while normal desires accept reality-based effort requirements present.
Option a is incorrect because intensity varies in both; the distinction involves entitlement attitude not desire strength or intensity level necessarily.
Option c is incorrect because both can be conscious or unconscious; the distinction involves neurotic entitlement not awareness level present psychologically.
Option d is incorrect because social acceptance varies; the key distinction involves unrealistic entitlement versus reality-based desire patterns observed consistently.

Correct Answer: Deficiency versus being

D-motivation seeks to fill deficiencies returning to homeostasis while B-motivation pursues growth and being values beyond deficiency reduction.
Option a is incorrect because both can be equally strong; the distinction involves motivation type not strength or intensity level experienced.
Option c is incorrect because both can be conscious or unconscious; the distinction involves motivation quality not awareness level necessarily present.
Option d is incorrect because both exist cross-culturally though expression varies; the distinction is motivational not cultural in nature fundamentally.

Correct Answer: Comparative information

Vicarious experiences provide comparative information about capabilities through observing similar others while mastery provides direct performance evidence available personally.
Option a is incorrect because vicarious experiences can strongly influence efficacy especially when observers identify with models succeeding at tasks attempted.
Option c is incorrect because vicarious influence involves conscious observation and comparison not unconscious effects on efficacy beliefs developed observationally.
Option d is incorrect because both can create lasting changes; the distinction involves information source not permanence of efficacy changes.

Correct Answer: Forward-looking growth

Becoming emphasizes forward-looking growth and self-realization while psychodynamic views emphasize past conflicts and unconscious determination of personality.
Option a is incorrect because Allport emphasized conscious becoming while psychodynamic theories focus on unconscious processes determining personality development observed throughout.
Option c is incorrect because this describes psychodynamic not Allport's view; becoming is future-oriented not childhood-focused developmental process conceptualized theoretically.
Option d is incorrect because becoming involves growth not conflict resolution; it's about self-realization not problem-solving from past necessarily.

Correct Answer: Ongoing developmental requirements

Self-object needs for mirroring, idealization, and twinship continue throughout life as normal developmental requirements not just childhood needs.
Option a is incorrect because self-object needs are ongoing not fixated; they represent continuing developmental requirements not arrested development patterns necessarily.
Option c is incorrect because self-object needs are normal not pathological; healthy personality requires appropriate self-object experiences throughout life continuously needed.
Option d is incorrect because self-object needs involve conscious and unconscious processes; they're developmental requirements not just repetition patterns observed.