D570 Cognitive Psychology - Set 5 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Holistic processing specifically

Option b is correct because faces show larger inversion effects due to disrupted holistic processing.
Option a is incorrect because face processing involves holistic configuration, not just feature analysis.
Option c is incorrect because face recognition involves parallel holistic processing, not sequential scanning.
Option d is incorrect because the inversion effect involves configuration disruption, not texture detection.

Correct Answer: Implicit processing mechanisms

Option b is correct because mere exposure effects occur through implicit familiarity without conscious recognition.
Option a is incorrect because effects occur without explicit memory for prior exposures.
Option c is incorrect because preferences change without logical evaluation of stimuli.
Option d is incorrect because the effect operates implicitly without conscious decision-making.

Correct Answer: Environmental context cues

Option b is correct because action slips show automatic behaviors are triggered by familiar environmental contexts.
Option a is incorrect because slips occur despite conscious intentions for different actions.
Option c is incorrect because slips are systematically triggered by contexts, not random.
Option d is incorrect because environmental cues trigger slips regardless of motivational states.

Correct Answer: Sustained activation tension

Option b is correct because unfinished tasks maintain cognitive tension that enhances memory.
Option a is incorrect because the effect involves sustained cognitive activation, not sensory registration.
Option c is incorrect because unfinished tasks create tension, not emotional neutrality.
Option d is incorrect because the effect involves sustained activation, not automatic processing.

Correct Answer: Integrated spatial layouts

Option b is correct because cognitive maps represent integrated spatial relationships enabling flexible navigation.
Option a is incorrect because cognitive maps allow novel routes, not just fixed sequences.
Option c is incorrect because spatial knowledge involves integrated maps, not verbal lists.
Option d is incorrect because cognitive maps represent spatial relations, not motor programs.

Correct Answer: Enhanced consolidation processes

Option b is correct because emotion enhances memory consolidation, partially protecting against childhood amnesia.
Option a is incorrect because emotional memories still show forgetting, just less than neutral ones.
Option c is incorrect because emotion affects consolidation beyond just increasing rehearsal.
Option d is incorrect because emotional memories retain episodic qualities, not just semantic conversion.

Correct Answer: Self-motion signals primarily

Option b is correct because path integration uses vestibular and proprioceptive self-motion signals.
Option a is incorrect because path integration works without visual landmarks.
Option c is incorrect because path integration uses self-motion, though some animals also use magnetic fields.
Option d is incorrect because path integration is individual navigation, not requiring social cues.

Correct Answer: Heuristic sampling approach

Option b is correct because peak-end rule shows evaluation uses heuristic sampling, not comprehensive integration.
Option a is incorrect because evaluation overweights specific moments rather than averaging comprehensively.
Option c is incorrect because peak and end are systematically selected, not random moments.
Option d is incorrect because duration neglect shows time isn't weighted appropriately.

Correct Answer: Specialized subsystem components

Option b is correct because selective impairments reveal working memory has specialized subsystems for different information.
Option a is incorrect because selective deficits show separate components, not unified storage.
Option c is incorrect because systematic impairments reveal organized, not random, structure.
Option d is incorrect because parallel subsystems exist, not single hierarchical structure.

Correct Answer: Active neural maintenance

Option b is correct because satiation shows meaning requires active neural processes that can fatigue.
Option a is incorrect because meaning loss shows connections aren't permanent but require maintenance.
Option c is incorrect because satiation affects meaning, not visual word recognition.
Option d is incorrect because meaning, not phonological structure, is affected by repetition.

Correct Answer: Moderate choice sets

Option b is correct because moderate choice sets balance variety with manageable cognitive demands.
Option a is incorrect because excessive options create overload, reducing satisfaction and quality.
Option c is incorrect because some choice is preferred over no choice.
Option d is incorrect because the paradox involves choice set size, not selection methods.

Correct Answer: Self-reinforcing structures

Option b is correct because belief perseverance shows beliefs become self-reinforcing beyond original evidence.
Option a is incorrect because beliefs persist despite evidence removal, showing they're not purely evidence-based.
Option c is incorrect because belief maintenance is systematic, not random pattern.
Option d is incorrect because beliefs involve cognitive and emotional investment, not neutrality.

Correct Answer: Unconscious processing pathways

Option b is correct because subliminal exposure effects show preferences form through unconscious processing.
Option a is incorrect because effects occur without conscious evaluation of stimuli.
Option c is incorrect because preferences develop without logical analysis of subliminal stimuli.
Option d is incorrect because effects occur without explicit memory for exposures.

Correct Answer: Accessibility not availability

Option b is correct because savings show information remains available though not accessible.
Option a is incorrect because relearning savings demonstrate information isn't completely erased.
Option c is incorrect because savings involve trace persistence, not storage capacity.
Option d is incorrect because savings reflect retained traces, not encoding processes.

Correct Answer: Psychological balance mechanisms

Option b is correct because moral licensing suggests people maintain psychological balance in moral behavior.
Option a is incorrect because licensing shows moral behavior isn't governed by fixed rules.
Option c is incorrect because the pattern is systematic, not random decision-making.
Option d is incorrect because licensing involves internal regulation, not external rewards.

Correct Answer: Nonverbalizable processes

Option b is correct because verbalization impairment shows some problem-solving uses nonverbal processes.
Option a is incorrect because impairment shows the processes aren't purely verbal.
Option c is incorrect because insight involves systematic processes, not random trials.
Option d is incorrect because insight requires restructuring, not memorized patterns.

Correct Answer: Promoting elaborative processing

Option b is correct because spacing benefits depend on elaborative processing opportunities, reduced with overlearning.
Option a is incorrect because spacing benefits occur even controlling for total time.
Option c is incorrect because spacing involves more than interference reduction.
Option d is incorrect because spacing effects occur regardless of motivation levels.

Correct Answer: Hippocampus critically

Option b is correct because explicit memory depends on hippocampus while implicit memory doesn't.
Option a is incorrect because cerebellum involves motor learning, not the explicit-implicit distinction.
Option c is incorrect because brainstem handles basic functions, not memory system differences.
Option d is incorrect because occipital cortex processes vision, not memory system distinctions.

Correct Answer: Cognitive appraisal processes

Option b is correct because arousal misattribution shows emotion requires cognitive interpretation of physiological states.
Option a is incorrect because identical arousal can be interpreted as different emotions.
Option c is incorrect because misattribution shows emotions aren't just innate programs.
Option d is incorrect because misattribution occurs individually, not requiring social modeling.

Correct Answer: Memory competition dynamics

Option b is correct because bidirectional interference shows memories compete for retrieval access.
Option a is incorrect because interference is active competition, not passive decay.
Option c is incorrect because interference patterns are systematic, not random loss.
Option d is incorrect because interference affects retrieval of successfully encoded memories.