D570 Cognitive Psychology - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Semantic factual memory

Option b is correct because semantic memory contains facts without the subjective re-experiencing that characterizes episodic memory.
Option a is incorrect because procedural memory involves motor skills, making the distinction obvious beyond mental time travel.
Option c is incorrect because implicit memory operates unconsciously, while the question focuses on conscious memory types.
Option d is incorrect because sensory memory is extremely brief, not the long-term memory type Tulving contrasted.

Correct Answer: Functional fixedness barrier

Option b is correct because solving requires seeing the tack box as a platform, overcoming functional fixedness.
Option a is incorrect because the problem doesn't tax memory capacity but requires reconceptualizing object functions.
Option c is incorrect because confirmation bias involves hypothesis testing, not the reconceptualization the candle problem requires.
Option d is incorrect because availability heuristic affects probability judgments, not the functional reconceptualization needed here.

Correct Answer: Scene schema representations

Option b is correct because scene schemas are mental frameworks containing expectations about typical environmental layouts.
Option a is incorrect because feature detection involves neurons responding to specific stimuli, not environmental expectations.
Option c is incorrect because perceptual constancy maintains stable perception despite changing conditions, not scene expectations.
Option d is incorrect because Gestalt principles describe perceptual organization, not expectations about scene content.

Correct Answer: Active processing engagement

Option b is correct because the generation effect shows active production engages deeper processing than passive reading.
Option a is incorrect because maintenance rehearsal involves repetition without the active generation that enhances memory.
Option c is incorrect because distributed practice involves timing of study sessions, not active versus passive processing.
Option d is incorrect because the generation effect enhances memory through active processing, not by reducing interference.

Correct Answer: Default mode network

Option b is correct because the default mode network activates during rest, mind-wandering, and self-referential thinking.
Option a is incorrect because executive control network engages during focused attention and decision-making, not rest.
Option c is incorrect because salience network detects relevant stimuli, not the resting introspective state described.
Option d is incorrect because sensorimotor network processes movement and sensation, not resting introspective states.

Correct Answer: Depictive representation view

Option b is correct because scanning time correlating with distance suggests images preserve spatial properties like pictures.
Option a is incorrect because propositional theory suggests abstract symbolic representation, not spatial properties Kosslyn found.
Option c is incorrect because dual coding involves verbal and visual codes, not specifically the spatial properties demonstrated.
Option d is incorrect because symbolic processing would not preserve the spatial distance relationships Kosslyn's results showed.

Correct Answer: Illusory truth effect

Option b is correct because illusory truth effect specifically describes how repetition increases perceived truthfulness.
Option a is incorrect because source monitoring involves remembering information origin, not repetition increasing belief.
Option c is incorrect because misinformation involves false information altering memories, not repetition creating belief.
Option d is incorrect because confirmation bias involves seeking supporting evidence, not repetition alone increasing belief.

Correct Answer: State-dependent learning

Option b is correct because state-dependent learning directly demonstrates encoding specificity through context-matching benefits.
Option a is incorrect because mood congruent memory involves emotional state matching, a subset of encoding specificity.
Option c is incorrect because flashbulb memories involve emotional significance, not context matching during retrieval.
Option d is incorrect because reminiscence bump involves age-related memory patterns, not encoding-retrieval context matching.

Correct Answer: Personally significant information

Option b is correct because attenuation allows important unattended information like one's name to break through.
Option a is incorrect because visual pop-out involves feature detection in visual search, not auditory attention models.
Option c is incorrect because automatic skill development involves practice effects, not breakthrough of unattended information.
Option d is incorrect because divided attention costs involve performance decrements, not selective breakthrough of information.

Correct Answer: Spatial memory organization

Option b is correct because method of loci uses spatial memory of familiar locations to organize and retrieve information.
Option a is incorrect because the technique uses spatial visualization rather than verbal rehearsal in the phonological loop.
Option c is incorrect because while creating associations, the primary mechanism is spatial organization, not semantic networks.
Option d is incorrect because the technique uses conscious spatial strategies, not automatic procedural memory processes.