D570 Cognitive Psychology - Set 2 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Structural activation persistence

Option b is correct because syntactic priming shows grammatical structures remain activated, influencing subsequent production.
Option a is incorrect because priming involves syntactic structures, not just copying semantic content.
Option c is incorrect because syntactic priming occurs even with different words, showing structural not lexical repetition.
Option d is incorrect because the effect involves abstract grammatical structures, not phonological sound patterns.

Correct Answer: Multiple retrieval cues

Option b is correct because varied contexts create diverse retrieval cues, increasing successful recall probability.
Option a is incorrect because variability creates multiple traces with different cues, not one stronger trace.
Option c is incorrect because variability enhances retrieval through multiple cues, not by reducing interference.
Option d is incorrect because benefits come from retrieval cue diversity, not faster consolidation processes.

Correct Answer: Trade-off can occur

Option b is correct because excessive imagery can interfere with abstract comprehension, showing potential trade-offs exist.
Option a is incorrect because S's case shows imagery can impair comprehension, not always facilitate it.
Option c is incorrect because interference shows the processes interact rather than operating completely independently.
Option d is incorrect because the relationship involves potential interference, not sequential dependent processing stages.

Correct Answer: Split attention effect

Option b is correct because redundant presentations split attention between sources, impairing integrated learning.
Option a is incorrect because the problem is attention splitting during processing, not memory storage overload.
Option c is incorrect because redundancy impairs integration through split attention, not encoding failure.
Option d is incorrect because the issue occurs during learning through split attention, not retrieval competition.

Correct Answer: Shallow processing tendency

Option b is correct because people process questions superficially, missing the Moses-Noah substitution error.
Option a is incorrect because people know the correct information; they fail to process the question deeply enough.
Option c is incorrect because the error isn't about attention capture but depth of semantic processing.
Option d is incorrect because knowledge is intact; the failure is in shallow question processing.

Correct Answer: Problem-solving types difference

Option b is correct because Guilford distinguished convergent and divergent thinking as different problem-solving approaches.
Option a is incorrect because both are cognitive abilities; the distinction is thinking style, not intelligence versus creativity.
Option c is incorrect because the distinction involves cognitive styles, not hemispheric specialization.
Option d is incorrect because both can involve controlled processing; the difference is solution approach.

Correct Answer: Retrieval likelihood accuracy

Option b is correct because feeling-of-knowing judgments show people can assess probability of successful future retrieval.
Option a is incorrect because metamemory involves judging memory accessibility, not sensory registration strength.
Option c is incorrect because feeling-of-knowing occurs during retrieval attempts, not assessment of encoding success.
Option d is incorrect because these judgments assess retrieval accessibility, not consolidation status.

Correct Answer: Accepting adequate solutions

Option b is correct because satisficing means accepting good-enough solutions rather than searching for optimal ones.
Option a is incorrect because satisficing explicitly avoids trying to maximize, accepting adequate solutions instead.
Option c is incorrect because satisficing involves deliberate acceptance of adequate options, not random selection.
Option d is incorrect because satisficing stops at adequate solutions, avoiding exhaustive evaluation of all options.

Correct Answer: Physical cleanliness sensations

Option b is correct because studies show physical cleanliness influences moral judgments, supporting embodied cognition.
Option a is incorrect because embodied cognition emphasizes physical sensations, not visual imagery vividness effects.
Option c is incorrect because embodied effects involve physical experience influencing cognition, not retrieval speed.
Option d is incorrect because embodied cognition involves physical sensations affecting thought, not attention direction.

Correct Answer: Reconstructs prior beliefs

Option b is correct because hindsight bias involves reconstructing memories of predictions to align with known outcomes.
Option a is incorrect because hindsight bias actually reduces memory accuracy by distorting recall of predictions.
Option c is incorrect because hindsight bias affects memory for past predictions, not accuracy of future predictions.
Option d is incorrect because hindsight bias typically increases confidence in having "known" the outcome beforehand.