D570 Cognitive Psychology - Set 4 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Competitive selection mechanisms

Option b is correct because rivalry shows competing inputs undergo selection for conscious perception.
Option a is incorrect because images compete rather than combining additively in consciousness.
Option c is incorrect because perception alternates between images, not averaging them together.
Option d is incorrect because only one image is conscious at a time, not simultaneous processing.

Correct Answer: Identity maintenance support

Option b is correct because reminiscence therapy's benefits show autobiographical memory supports identity and well-being.
Option a is incorrect because therapeutic effects show memories serve psychological functions beyond factual storage.
Option c is incorrect because reminiscence involves personal memories, not skill preservation.
Option d is incorrect because therapeutic benefits come from meaning and identity, not sensory details.

Correct Answer: False memory creation

Option b is correct because reality monitoring failures can cause imagined events to become false memories.
Option a is incorrect because monitoring errors create false memories, not complete memory loss.
Option c is incorrect because reality monitoring involves episodic memory, not skill learning.
Option d is incorrect because monitoring failures affect event memories, not semantic knowledge.

Correct Answer: Functionally flexible potentially

Option b is correct because cross-modal plasticity reveals cortical areas can adapt to process different inputs.
Option a is incorrect because plasticity shows specialization isn't permanent but can be altered.
Option c is incorrect because reorganization follows systematic patterns, not random organization.
Option d is incorrect because plasticity demonstrates experience can override genetic predetermination.

Correct Answer: Retrieval strategy disruption

Option b is correct because collaborative inhibition results from disrupting individual retrieval strategies.
Option a is incorrect because groups perform worse than pooled individuals, not showing enhancement.
Option c is incorrect because the deficit occurs despite potential motivation in groups.
Option d is incorrect because inhibition shows performance decrements, not error correction benefits.

Correct Answer: Experience-based tuning

Option b is correct because the other-race effect shows perceptual expertise develops through experience.
Option a is incorrect because the effect reflects experience with faces, not genetic predisposition.
Option c is incorrect because the effect persists regardless of motivation to recognize faces.
Option d is incorrect because the effect is experience-specific, not general ability differences.

Correct Answer: Extinction through exposure

Option b is correct because evaluative conditioning resists extinction, unlike typical classical conditioning.
Option a is incorrect because evaluative conditioning is readily acquired, not showing acquisition difficulty.
Option c is incorrect because resistance to extinction, not generalization, distinguishes evaluative conditioning.
Option d is incorrect because evaluative conditioning can occur without awareness, like classical conditioning.

Correct Answer: Partial overlap functionally

Option b is correct because inner speech shows thinking partially uses language systems.
Option a is incorrect because inner speech demonstrates connection, not complete independence between thought and language.
Option c is incorrect because the overlap is systematic and functional, not random association.
Option d is incorrect because the relationship shows overlap, not strict hierarchical organization.

Correct Answer: Environmental importance generally

Option b is correct because recognition often indicates environmental importance, making the heuristic useful.
Option a is incorrect because recognition systematically correlates with importance, not random chance.
Option c is incorrect because recognition reflects exposure and importance, not personal preference.
Option d is incorrect because the heuristic is probabilistic, not necessarily logically valid.

Correct Answer: Dissonance reduction mechanism

Option b is correct because valuing effortful outcomes reduces dissonance between effort expended and outcome value.
Option a is incorrect because the bias leads to valuing effortful activities, not conserving energy.
Option c is incorrect because the phenomenon involves value adjustment, not memory enhancement.
Option d is incorrect because effort justification involves post-hoc rationalization, not attention optimization.