D570 Cognitive Psychology - Set 5 - Part 3

Correct Answer: Attentional selection processes

Option b is correct because change detection requires attention, showing consciousness depends on attentional selection.
Option a is incorrect because changes go unnoticed despite clear retinal input.
Option c is incorrect because the limitation is attentional selection, not memory capacity.
Option d is incorrect because detection depends on attention allocation, not processing speed.

Correct Answer: Hemispheric specialization differences

Option b is correct because right hemisphere activation before insight suggests specialized processing for creative solutions.
Option a is incorrect because insight involves right hemisphere processes beyond logical deduction.
Option c is incorrect because activation patterns are systematic, not random.
Option d is incorrect because the pattern involves right activation, not left suppression.

Correct Answer: Focused spatial attention

Option b is correct because illusory conjunctions show attention is needed to correctly bind features.
Option a is incorrect because binding errors show integration isn't automatic.
Option c is incorrect because errors reveal capacity limitations in feature binding.
Option d is incorrect because conjunctions occur with clear input, showing attention is crucial.

Correct Answer: Inhibitory control mechanisms

Option b is correct because retrieval-induced forgetting suggests active inhibition of competing memories.
Option a is incorrect because retrieval also inhibits related items, not just strengthening targets.
Option c is incorrect because forgetting is selective to competitors, not random spreading.
Option d is incorrect because the effect involves active inhibition, not passive decay.

Correct Answer: Multiple processing levels

Option b is correct because implicit-explicit dissociations show attitudes exist at multiple processing levels.
Option a is incorrect because implicit measures reveal attitudes beyond conscious awareness.
Option c is incorrect because implicit stereotypes show systematic, not random, patterns.
Option d is incorrect because dissociations demonstrate separate, not unified, representations.

Correct Answer: Learned conventional uses

Option b is correct because cultural differences show functional fixedness comes from learned conventions.
Option a is incorrect because cultural variation shows categories aren't innate.
Option c is incorrect because the limitation is conceptual, not perceptual.
Option d is incorrect because the constraint is cognitive, not motor-based.

Correct Answer: During initial appraisal

Option b is correct because reappraisal modifies interpretation early, proving more effective than late suppression.
Option a is incorrect because reappraisal occurs during interpretation, not after response generation.
Option c is incorrect because reappraisal happens before, not following, expression.
Option d is incorrect because reappraisal modifies interpretation of present stimuli, not avoidance.

Correct Answer: Prototype-based structures

Option b is correct because typicality effects suggest categories center around prototypical examples.
Option a is incorrect because graded typicality contradicts fixed defining features.
Option c is incorrect because systematic typicality shows organization, not random collections.
Option d is incorrect because fuzzy boundaries contradict logical rule-based categories.

Correct Answer: Distributed knowledge systems

Option b is correct because transactive memory shows couples distribute memory responsibilities across partners.
Option a is incorrect because transactive systems involve coordinated, not individual, storage.
Option c is incorrect because partners specialize in different domains, not duplicating memories.
Option d is incorrect because distribution follows systematic patterns, not random allocation.

Correct Answer: Psychological distance factors

Option b is correct because temporal discounting shows psychological distance systematically affects value judgments.
Option a is incorrect because discounting often violates logical economic calculations.
Option c is incorrect because discounting follows systematic patterns, not random fluctuations.
Option d is incorrect because discounting occurs despite, not from, future prediction abilities.