D583 Foundations in Public Health - Set 3 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Quality accessibility assurance

Option b is correct because ensuring quality and accessibility of health services directly addresses healthcare gaps causing preventable diseases.
Option a is incorrect because research funding alone doesn't immediately address the lack of accessible healthcare services.
Option c is incorrect because historical documentation doesn't solve current access problems causing preventable disease rates.
Option d is incorrect because technology advancement without addressing basic access doesn't solve the fundamental problem.

Correct Answer: Hands-on cooking classes

Option b is correct because behavioral capability requires both knowledge and skills, which hands-on classes directly provide.
Option a is incorrect because fear messages don't teach the actual skills needed for performing healthy cooking.
Option c is incorrect because genetic testing provides risk information but not the behavioral skills for cooking.
Option d is incorrect because insurance coverage doesn't provide the knowledge and skills for healthy cooking.

Correct Answer: Statistical mortality tracking

Option b is correct because John Graunt's Bills of Mortality introduced statistical methods for tracking disease patterns.
Option a is incorrect because quarantine stations were established during the Middle Ages rather than the Enlightenment.
Option c is incorrect because while vaccines emerged in the Enlightenment, statistical tracking founded epidemiological methods.
Option d is incorrect because antibiotics were discovered much later than the Enlightenment period.

Correct Answer: Environmental barriers presence

Option b is correct because social cognitive theory recognizes that environmental factors interact with personal factors like self-efficacy.
Option a is incorrect because genetic factors alone don't explain the gap when self-efficacy is already high.
Option c is incorrect because age alone doesn't account for the behavior gap in high self-efficacy individuals.
Option d is incorrect because gender differences don't fully explain why high self-efficacy doesn't translate to behavior.

Correct Answer: Culturally appropriate care

Option b is correct because the Indian Health Service provides healthcare that respects and incorporates tribal cultural practices.
Option a is incorrect because research publications don't directly address the healthcare disparities in tribal communities.
Option c is incorrect because technology export doesn't address the specific health needs of American Indian populations.
Option d is incorrect because international partnerships don't directly serve tribal communities' healthcare needs.

Correct Answer: Mandatory system shutdown

Option b is correct because police power allows government to take mandatory actions protecting public health and safety.
Option a is incorrect because voluntary guidelines may not adequately protect the public from contaminated water exposure.
Option c is incorrect because insurance changes don't directly stop the contamination threatening public health.
Option d is incorrect because research delays necessary immediate action to protect people from contamination.

Correct Answer: Reminder system implementation

Option b is correct because reminder systems serve as external cues triggering individuals to take preventive health actions.
Option a is incorrect because complex statistics don't serve as effective behavioral triggers for most people.
Option c is incorrect because genetic counseling provides information rather than serving as action-triggering cues.
Option d is incorrect because policy changes alone don't function as direct cues prompting individual action.

Correct Answer: Door-to-door CASPER surveys

Option b is correct because CASPER surveys rapidly assess community health needs through systematic door-to-door sampling.
Option a is incorrect because insurance claims have processing delays and miss uninsured populations needing assessment.
Option c is incorrect because annual reports are too slow for rapid post-disaster health assessment needs.
Option d is incorrect because death certificates only capture mortality rather than comprehensive community health status.

Correct Answer: Printing press invention

Option a is correct because Gutenberg's printing press enabled faster dissemination of medical knowledge and public health ideas.
Option b is incorrect because insurance systems developed much later than the Renaissance period.
Option c is incorrect because antibiotics were discovered centuries after the Renaissance ended.
Option d is incorrect because computers were invented long after the Renaissance period.

Correct Answer: Endemic seasonal pattern

Option b is correct because endemic diseases with seasonal patterns show predictable variation within expected ranges.
Option a is incorrect because epidemics involve unexpected increases rather than predictable seasonal patterns.
Option c is incorrect because pandemics involve global spread rather than localized seasonal patterns.
Option d is incorrect because sporadic patterns are irregular rather than predictably seasonal.

Correct Answer: Universal access provision

Option b is correct because social justice views equitable healthcare access as a fundamental right for all.
Option a is incorrect because market competition reflects market justice rather than social justice principles.
Option c is incorrect because profit maximization contradicts social justice's focus on equitable access.
Option d is incorrect because individual responsibility emphasis opposes social justice's collective approach.

Correct Answer: Mechanism pathway identification

Option b is correct because identifying specific pathways explaining how poverty leads to poor health strengthens causal claims.
Option a is incorrect because geographic patterns show association but don't establish causal mechanisms.
Option c is incorrect because media coverage has no bearing on actual causal relationships.
Option d is incorrect because treatment costs are outcomes rather than evidence for causation.

Correct Answer: Awareness raising education

Option b is correct because precontemplators need awareness about the problem before considering behavior change.
Option a is incorrect because action plans are premature for those not yet aware they need change.
Option c is incorrect because maintenance strategies are inappropriate for those in precontemplation stage.
Option d is incorrect because relapse prevention is irrelevant for those who haven't started changing.

Correct Answer: Balanced authority sharing

Option c is correct because mixed structures balance state coordination with local implementation flexibility during outbreak response.
Option a is incorrect because mixed structures don't give complete control to the state level.
Option b is incorrect because mixed structures don't provide total autonomy to local departments.
Option d is incorrect because mixed structures involve state-local balance rather than federal oversight.

Correct Answer: Vector-borne disease spread

Option b is correct because warming temperatures expand vector habitats and extend disease transmission seasons.
Option a is incorrect because genetic disorders aren't directly influenced by climate temperature changes.
Option c is incorrect because workplace injuries aren't primarily driven by climate change effects.
Option d is incorrect because traffic accidents aren't directly linked to climate warming patterns.

Correct Answer: Personal consequence stories

Option b is correct because personal stories about severe consequences make the threat feel real and relevant.
Option a is incorrect because statistics often fail to overcome feelings of invulnerability in young adults.
Option c is incorrect because insurance information doesn't address the perception of disease severity.
Option d is incorrect because provider locations don't influence perceived severity of health threats.

Correct Answer: Cholera epidemic occurrence

Option b is correct because the cholera outbreak led to establishing the first public health department structure.
Option a is incorrect because the influenza pandemic occurred later than the Board's creation.
Option c is incorrect because smallpox vaccination was successful rather than failing to prompt organizational change.
Option d is incorrect because tuberculosis sanatoriums addressed treatment rather than prompting department creation.

Correct Answer: Family support programs

Option b is correct because interpersonal factors focus on relationships and social support within personal networks.
Option a is incorrect because individual counseling targets personal rather than interpersonal relationship factors.
Option c is incorrect because workplace policies represent institutional rather than interpersonal level interventions.
Option d is incorrect because national legislation operates at the policy rather than interpersonal level.

Correct Answer: Epidemiologic threat identification

Option b is correct because identifying emerging threats through epidemiologic investigation is a key assessment service.
Option a is incorrect because budget planning is administrative rather than an assessment service activity.
Option c is incorrect because workforce training falls under assurance rather than assessment functions.
Option d is incorrect because enforcement preparation belongs to assurance rather than assessment.

Correct Answer: Immune response generation

Option b is correct because antigenicity determines the pathogen's ability to induce immune responses in hosts.
Option a is incorrect because environmental survival relates to pathogen stability rather than antigenicity.
Option c is incorrect because transmission speed relates to infectivity rather than antigenic properties.
Option d is incorrect because treatment costs aren't directly determined by pathogen antigenicity levels.