D684 Introduction to Computer Science - Set 2 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Understanding the problem

Understanding the problem is crucial in critical systems to identify root causes without disrupting essential life-support monitoring functions.
Option b is incorrect because devising a plan comes after fully understanding what caused the crash and which systems are affected.
Option c is incorrect because executing the plan without proper understanding could worsen the situation and endanger patient monitoring systems.
Option d is incorrect because reviewing the solution happens after the problem is resolved, not during the critical diagnosis phase.

Correct Answer: Maintain the program

The maintenance phase handles updates to deployed systems while preserving user data and ensuring continuous operation of devices.
Option a is incorrect because coding the program happens during initial development, not when updating already deployed firmware on devices.
Option b is incorrect because testing occurs before deployment to verify functionality, not during updates to existing user devices.
Option c is incorrect because putting into production is the initial deployment phase, not the ongoing update process for firmware.

Correct Answer: Interpretation for flexibility

Interpretation allows dynamic handling of varying emoji types and immediate processing without recompilation when adding new reactions.
Option a is incorrect because compilation requires predefined emoji types and recompilation for changes, reducing flexibility for new reactions.
Option c is incorrect because assembly language is too low-level for rapid development of social media features requiring constant updates.
Option d is incorrect because machine code is impractical for developing and maintaining complex social media interaction features directly.

Correct Answer: Control unit

The control unit coordinates all processing operations and ensures sensor data translates to steering decisions within critical time constraints.
Option a is incorrect because input devices collect sensor data but don't make the critical processing decisions for vehicle steering.
Option c is incorrect because output devices execute steering commands but don't process sensor data or make navigation decisions.
Option d is incorrect because storage devices maintain data but aren't critical for real-time millisecond decision-making in navigation.

Correct Answer: Functional programming

Functional programming uses pure mathematical functions without side effects or variable mutations, ideal for predictable scientific computations.
Option a is incorrect because imperative programming uses mutable variables and state changes that can introduce unpredictable side effects.
Option c is incorrect because procedural programming allows variable mutations and side effects that could affect simulation consistency.
Option d is incorrect because assembly programming is too low-level and error-prone for complex mathematical climate modeling implementations.

Correct Answer: Polymorphism

Polymorphism allows different audio effects to share common interfaces while applying unique transformations to the audio stream sequentially.
Option a is incorrect because inheritance creates class hierarchies but doesn't specifically enable chaining different effects with common interfaces.
Option b is incorrect because encapsulation hides internal implementation but doesn't facilitate the chaining of different effect types.
Option d is incorrect because abstraction simplifies complex systems but doesn't specifically enable sequential effect processing through common interfaces.

Correct Answer: Stability

Stability maintains the relative order of equal elements, ensuring files with identical timestamps preserve their original modification sequence.
Option b is incorrect because efficiency affects speed but doesn't guarantee preserving the original order of similarly timestamped files.
Option c is incorrect because complexity measures algorithm difficulty or resource usage, not the preservation of element ordering.
Option d is incorrect because randomness would destroy the required chronological ordering needed for proper backup file sequencing.

Correct Answer: Paged memory

Paged memory divides memory into fixed-size pages, eliminating external fragmentation caused by varying-sized allocation and deallocation patterns.
Option a is incorrect because single contiguous allocation doesn't support multiple programs and can't handle fragmentation from reservations.
Option b is incorrect because fixed partitions waste memory with internal fragmentation when reservation sizes don't match partition sizes.
Option c is incorrect because dynamic partitions create external fragmentation exactly like the problem described with varying-sized allocations.

Correct Answer: Latency compensation

Latency compensation techniques adjust for network delays between players, ensuring synchronized gameplay despite different connection speeds and distances.
Option a is incorrect because bandwidth management controls data flow rates but doesn't synchronize gameplay timing across different latencies.
Option c is incorrect because packet switching routes data efficiently but doesn't address synchronization issues from varying network delays.
Option d is incorrect because error checking ensures data integrity but doesn't compensate for timing differences between players' connections.

Correct Answer: Semantic analysis

Semantic analysis checks program meaning and variable usage patterns, detecting unused declarations beyond simple syntax correctness verification.
Option a is incorrect because lexical analysis only identifies tokens and keywords, not whether variables are actually used in code.
Option b is incorrect because syntax analysis verifies grammatical structure but doesn't track variable usage throughout the program.
Option d is incorrect because code generation translates to machine code after all analysis phases, not where usage checking occurs.

Correct Answer: Loose coupling

Loose coupling allows devices to interact through standard interfaces without depending on specific manufacturer implementations, enabling interoperability.
Option a is incorrect because tight coupling creates dependencies between specific implementations, preventing devices from different manufacturers working together.
Option c is incorrect because direct linking requires specific knowledge of each device's internals, incompatible with multi-manufacturer systems.
Option d is incorrect because hard coding fixes specific device interactions, preventing flexible integration of new manufacturers' products.

Correct Answer: Traveling salesman problem

The traveling salesman problem finds the shortest route visiting all points exactly once and returning, matching drone delivery requirements.
Option a is incorrect because shortest path finds routes between two points, not optimal tours visiting multiple points exactly once.
Option c is incorrect because minimum spanning tree connects all points with minimum total edge weight, not creating delivery routes.
Option d is incorrect because maximum flow problems optimize capacity through networks, not route planning for delivery points.

Correct Answer: Traffic prioritization

Traffic prioritization assigns different priority levels to packet types, ensuring audio packets transmit first during bandwidth constraints.
Option a is incorrect because packet filtering blocks or allows packets based on rules but doesn't prioritize between allowed packet types.
Option c is incorrect because load balancing distributes traffic across multiple paths but doesn't prioritize specific packet types.
Option d is incorrect because circuit switching establishes dedicated paths but doesn't selectively prioritize different data types dynamically.

Correct Answer: Checksums

Checksums generate unique values from file contents, allowing receivers to verify files match originals by comparing checksum values.
Option a is incorrect because compression reduces file size for transmission but doesn't verify integrity of the transferred data.
Option b is incorrect because encryption protects confidentiality from unauthorized access but doesn't specifically verify file integrity after transfer.
Option d is incorrect because fragmentation splits files into pieces for transmission but doesn't verify correctness of reassembled files.

Correct Answer: Session management

Session management maintains user state across stateless HTTP requests, preserving shopping cart contents between page navigations on websites.
Option a is incorrect because URL parameters become unwieldy for complex cart data and expose information in browser address bars.
Option c is incorrect because static pages cannot maintain dynamic user-specific information like individual shopping cart contents across navigation.
Option d is incorrect because client caching stores pages for faster loading but doesn't maintain session state across requests.

Correct Answer: Event-driven architecture

Event-driven architecture processes diverse data sources as events, enabling flexible integration of various sensor types for forecasting.
Option a is incorrect because monolithic architecture creates single large applications, making it difficult to integrate diverse data sources flexibly.
Option b is incorrect because layered architecture organizes by abstraction levels, not optimized for integrating multiple independent data sources.
Option c is incorrect because microservices architecture divides functionality into services but doesn't specifically handle diverse data source integration.

Correct Answer: Markup format

Markup formats like XML preserve both text content and formatting metadata, enabling searches while maintaining original document structure.
Option a is incorrect because plain text loses all formatting information from original manuscripts, only preserving raw text content.
Option b is incorrect because binary formats aren't human-readable or easily searchable without specific software to interpret them.
Option d is incorrect because compressed formats reduce size but don't inherently preserve formatting or enable text searching capabilities.

Correct Answer: Redundancy

Redundancy provides backup systems that take over when primary systems fail, ensuring continuous operation of critical factory processes.
Option a is incorrect because centralization creates single points of failure where main computer failure stops all dependent operations.
Option c is incorrect because synchronization coordinates timing between components but doesn't provide backup during system failures.
Option d is incorrect because virtualization abstracts hardware resources but doesn't inherently provide failover capabilities for continued operation.

Correct Answer: Logic paradigm

Logic paradigm uses rules and pattern matching for inference, naturally representing grammatical rules and language transformation patterns.
Option a is incorrect because imperative paradigm requires explicit step-by-step translation procedures rather than rule-based pattern matching.
Option b is incorrect because object-oriented paradigm focuses on objects and methods, not optimal for rule-based language processing.
Option d is incorrect because procedural paradigm organizes code in procedures but doesn't naturally express grammatical rules and patterns.

Correct Answer: Progressive downloading

Progressive downloading allows playback to begin while remaining content downloads in background, reducing wait time for users.
Option a is incorrect because batch downloading requires complete file transfer before any playback can begin, increasing user wait time.
Option c is incorrect because synchronous loading blocks other operations until complete download finishes, preventing early playback start.
Option d is incorrect because atomic transfer ensures all-or-nothing delivery but requires complete download before accessing any content.