D684 Introduction to Computer Science - Set 4 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Inertial navigation

Inertial navigation uses accelerometers and gyroscopes to track position changes from known starting points without external signals.
Option a is incorrect because satellite positioning signals cannot penetrate water deeply enough to reach submerged submarines operating underwater.
Option c is incorrect because radio triangulation requires radio signals that don't propagate effectively through water for positioning.
Option d is incorrect because cellular positioning needs cell tower signals that cannot reach submarines underwater for navigation.

Correct Answer: Seeded randomization

Seeded randomization creates different but reproducible orderings, ensuring each student receives equally difficult test versions while preventing copying.
Option a is incorrect because true randomization might give some students easier question sequences than others, creating unfair advantages.
Option c is incorrect because sequential randomization follows patterns that students could predict or share with others taking tests.
Option d is incorrect because manual randomization is impractical for large numbers of students and prone to human bias.

Correct Answer: Flow optimization

Flow optimization maximizes throughput through networks with capacity constraints, matching baggage routing through conveyor systems to planes.
Option b is incorrect because pattern recognition identifies recurring features in data, not routing physical items through conveyor networks.
Option c is incorrect because data compression reduces information size, unrelated to physical baggage routing through airport systems.
Option d is incorrect because memory management allocates computer memory, not routing luggage through physical conveyor networks.

Correct Answer: Code optimization

Code optimization might reorder or modify operations for efficiency, potentially changing precise timing required for surgical movements.
Option a is incorrect because syntax checking verifies code correctness without changing execution behavior needed for surgical precision.
Option c is incorrect because error detection identifies problems without altering the precise execution sequence for robot movements.
Option d is incorrect because symbol resolution links references to definitions without changing operational precision of movements.

Correct Answer: Anonymous authentication

Anonymous authentication verifies voting eligibility without revealing voter identity, ensuring privacy while preventing multiple votes per person.
Option a is incorrect because confidentiality alone hides vote contents but doesn't prevent tracing votes to specific voters.
Option b is incorrect because integrity ensures votes aren't modified but doesn't provide voter anonymity or prevent duplicates.
Option d is incorrect because digital signatures identify signers, eliminating the anonymity required for secret ballot voting.

Correct Answer: Autonomous planning

Autonomous planning enables rovers to make independent navigation decisions without waiting for Earth communications with significant delays.
Option a is incorrect because remote control is impossible with communication delays of many minutes between Earth and distant planets.
Option c is incorrect because scripted sequences cannot adapt to unexpected terrain or obstacles encountered during planetary exploration.
Option d is incorrect because random exploration wastes limited rover resources and might miss important scientific targets entirely.

Correct Answer: Route optimization

Route optimization finds fastest network paths reducing transmission time, giving traders competitive advantages in high-frequency markets.
Option a is incorrect because packet compression reduces size but adds processing delays that offset any transmission time savings.
Option c is incorrect because error correction adds overhead and retransmission delays, slowing packet delivery to exchanges.
Option d is incorrect because traffic shaping controls bandwidth usage but doesn't minimize the latency crucial for trading.

Correct Answer: Synchronous replication

Synchronous replication maintains identical copies by confirming remote writes before completing local operations, ensuring exact data duplication.
Option b is incorrect because periodic backup creates time gaps where recent changes aren't protected at remote locations.
Option c is incorrect because incremental backup only copies changes, requiring multiple backups to restore complete data.
Option d is incorrect because local backup doesn't protect against geographic disasters affecting entire locations or regions.

Correct Answer: Contextual processing

Contextual processing analyzes relationships between words and sentences throughout documents, producing natural translations considering overall meaning.
Option a is incorrect because sequential processing translates in order but doesn't necessarily consider document-wide context for meaning.
Option b is incorrect because parallel processing speeds computation but doesn't inherently provide the contextual understanding for translation.
Option d is incorrect because batch processing groups tasks for efficiency, not providing contextual analysis for translation quality.

Correct Answer: Predictive analytics

Predictive analytics identifies failure patterns in sensor data, enabling maintenance before equipment breaks down and disrupts operations.
Option a is incorrect because reactive maintenance waits for failures to occur before fixing, causing unnecessary downtime and disruption.
Option c is incorrect because random sampling checks equipment randomly, missing developing problems between inspection times.
Option d is incorrect because manual inspection is labor-intensive and might miss subtle sensor patterns indicating future failures.

Correct Answer: Acoustic waves

Acoustic waves propagate effectively through water over long distances, enabling submarine communication where electromagnetic signals fail underwater.
Option a is incorrect because infrared signals are absorbed quickly by water, preventing effective underwater communication over distances.
Option c is incorrect because microwave signals cannot penetrate water effectively, making them useless for submarine communications.
Option d is incorrect because visible light attenuates rapidly in water, limiting communication to very short distances only.

Correct Answer: Clustering algorithm

Clustering algorithms group similar items based on proximity, optimizing delivery routes by combining nearby orders for efficiency.
Option b is incorrect because sorting algorithms order items but don't group geographically close orders for route optimization.
Option c is incorrect because hashing algorithms create lookup tables, not grouping orders by geographic proximity for delivery.
Option d is incorrect because encoding algorithms transform data representations, not organizing orders by location for routing.

Correct Answer: Fault isolation

Fault isolation quickly contains problems to specific sections, preventing single failures from cascading throughout entire power grids.
Option a is incorrect because scalability handles growth but doesn't prevent fault propagation that causes cascading grid failures.
Option c is incorrect because load balancing distributes power demand but doesn't isolate faults to prevent cascade failures.
Option d is incorrect because data persistence preserves information but doesn't stop electrical faults from spreading through grids.

Correct Answer: Hardware virtualization

Hardware virtualization creates isolated virtual machines sharing physical resources, allowing multiple operating systems to run simultaneously and securely.
Option a is incorrect because time-sharing alternates resource usage but doesn't provide the isolation required between operating systems.
Option c is incorrect because process threading runs multiple execution streams within single operating systems, not multiple systems.
Option d is incorrect because memory paging manages virtual memory within operating systems, not isolation between multiple systems.

Correct Answer: Automated filtering

Automated filtering uses algorithms to scan content at scale, detecting inappropriate material across languages faster than human review.
Option a is incorrect because manual review cannot scale to millions of posts across multiple languages in reasonable time.
Option c is incorrect because random checking misses most inappropriate content, failing to protect users from harmful material.
Option d is incorrect because user reporting alone allows inappropriate content to remain visible until reported and reviewed.

Correct Answer: Lossless compression

Lossless compression reduces file sizes while preserving all original data, critical for scientific analysis requiring complete information.
Option a is incorrect because lossy compression discards information that might be scientifically important despite appearing visually acceptable.
Option c is incorrect because no compression wastes limited satellite bandwidth, reducing the amount of scientific data transmitted.
Option d is incorrect because random compression would corrupt data unpredictably, making scientific analysis impossible or unreliable.

Correct Answer: Hardware acceleration

Hardware acceleration uses specialized processors for physics calculations, providing the speed needed for real-time collision detection in games.
Option a is incorrect because interpreted execution is too slow for complex real-time physics calculations required in racing games.
Option c is incorrect because software emulation adds overhead that makes real-time physics calculations too slow for gaming.
Option d is incorrect because network processing adds latency and depends on network speed, unsuitable for local physics calculations.

Correct Answer: Image interpolation

Image interpolation estimates values between known scan slices, creating smooth 3D reconstructions from discrete 2D medical images.
Option a is incorrect because statistical analysis summarizes data patterns but doesn't reconstruct 3D models from 2D slices.
Option c is incorrect because text parsing processes written language, completely unrelated to medical image reconstruction tasks.
Option d is incorrect because audio processing handles sound signals, not visual medical scan reconstruction into 3D models.

Correct Answer: Dynamic navigation

Dynamic navigation continuously recalculates paths based on moving obstacles like other robots and workers in warehouse environments.
Option a is incorrect because static navigation uses fixed paths that cannot adapt to moving robots and workers.
Option c is incorrect because predetermined paths don't adjust for other moving entities, causing collisions in busy warehouses.
Option d is incorrect because fixed routes cannot respond to temporary obstacles like other robots or workers in aisles.

Correct Answer: Complementary sensors

Complementary sensors combine different detection methods where each compensates for others' weaknesses, improving reliability in challenging conditions.
Option a is incorrect because single sensors fail completely when conditions exceed their operational limits, dangerous for navigation.
Option b is incorrect because redundant sensors of same type all fail under same conditions, not improving foggy weather performance.
Option d is incorrect because backup sensors only activate after primary failure, not combining information for better detection.