D684 Introduction to Computer Science - Set 1 - Part 2

Correct Answer: Queue structure

Queue structures maintain first-in-first-out order, ensuring songs play in the exact sequence they were added to the playlist.
Option a is incorrect because stack structures use last-in-first-out order, which would play the most recently added song first.
Option c is incorrect because binary trees organize data hierarchically for searching and sorting, not for maintaining insertion order playback.
Option d is incorrect because hash maps provide fast key-based lookups but don't preserve the order elements were added.

Correct Answer: Logic programming

Logic programming uses facts, rules, and inference engines to derive conclusions through logical reasoning, as seen in Prolog.
Option a is incorrect because imperative programming uses step-by-step instructions to change program state, not logical inference from facts.
Option b is incorrect because functional programming uses mathematical functions and avoids state changes, not logical facts and rules.
Option d is incorrect because procedural programming organizes code into procedures or functions, not based on logical inference systems.

Correct Answer: Hierarchical structure

Hierarchical structures organize files in tree-like folder systems with parent-child relationships, enabling organized navigation through directories and subdirectories.
Option a is incorrect because flat structures store all files at the same level without folders, making organization difficult for many files.
Option c is incorrect because network structures allow multiple relationships between nodes, more complex than typical file system needs.
Option d is incorrect because circular structures connect elements in loops, which would create confusing navigation paths for file systems.

Correct Answer: Preemptive scheduling

Preemptive scheduling can immediately interrupt lower-priority tasks to handle critical sensor inputs, essential for safety-critical automotive systems.
Option a is incorrect because batch scheduling processes jobs sequentially without interruption capability, unsuitable for immediate sensor response needs.
Option c is incorrect because background scheduling runs tasks with low priority when systems are idle, not appropriate for critical safety systems.
Option d is incorrect because deferred scheduling delays task execution, which could be dangerous in safety-critical braking system operations.

Correct Answer: Assembly language

Assembly language provides direct access to processor registers and memory addresses while remaining human-readable, unlike pure machine code.
Option a is incorrect because high-level languages abstract away hardware details like registers and memory addresses for easier programming.
Option b is incorrect because scripting languages are typically interpreted and high-level, not providing direct register or memory access.
Option d is incorrect because markup languages like HTML describe document structure and presentation, not processor-level operations or programming.

Correct Answer: DNS service

DNS service translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses, enabling users to locate servers without memorizing numerical addresses.
Option a is incorrect because DHCP service automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on networks, not translating names to addresses.
Option c is incorrect because FTP service transfers files between computers but doesn't translate domain names to IP addresses.
Option d is incorrect because SMTP service handles email transmission between servers, not domain name to IP address translation.

Correct Answer: Sequential search

Sequential search examines each element one by one, which is necessary for unsorted data where optimization techniques cannot apply.
Option a is incorrect because binary search requires sorted data to divide the search space in half, impossible with unsorted databases.
Option c is incorrect because indexed search requires pre-built indexes on sorted or organized data, not available in unsorted databases.
Option d is incorrect because random search checks elements randomly without system, potentially missing matches and being highly inefficient.

Correct Answer: Context switching

Context switching saves one process state and loads another, enabling rapid switching between applications in multitasking operating systems.
Option a is incorrect because memory paging moves memory pages between RAM and disk for virtual memory, not switching between applications.
Option c is incorrect because cache loading puts frequently used data in fast memory for quick access, not application switching.
Option d is incorrect because buffer management handles temporary data storage during I/O operations, not switching between running applications.

Correct Answer: Inheritance

Inheritance allows classes to derive properties and methods from parent classes while adding or modifying features for specialization.
Option a is incorrect because compilation translates source code to machine code, not a concept for sharing and extending features.
Option b is incorrect because interpretation executes code line by line, not related to sharing features between different profile types.
Option d is incorrect because debugging identifies and fixes program errors, not a design concept for feature sharing and extension.

Correct Answer: Bubble sort

Bubble sort compares adjacent elements repeatedly and swaps them when out of order, causing larger elements to bubble up.
Option a is incorrect because merge sort divides lists into halves, sorts them separately, then merges them back together systematically.
Option c is incorrect because heap sort uses a binary heap data structure to extract maximum elements for sorting efficiently.
Option d is incorrect because radix sort groups elements by individual digits or characters, not by comparing adjacent elements.

Correct Answer: ROM memory

ROM memory is non-volatile and retains data without power, though typically read-only, some variants allow controlled data persistence.
Option a is incorrect because cache memory is volatile fast storage that loses all data when power is removed from the system.
Option b is incorrect because virtual memory uses disk space to extend RAM but still requires power for the active memory components.
Option d is incorrect because RAM memory is volatile and immediately loses all stored data when power supply is interrupted.

Correct Answer: UDP protocol

UDP protocol provides fast transmission without retransmission overhead, acceptable for streaming where occasional packet loss won't significantly impact quality.
Option a is incorrect because TCP protocol ensures reliability through retransmission but adds latency, which can cause buffering in streaming.
Option c is incorrect because FTP protocol is designed for reliable file transfers, not optimized for real-time streaming with acceptable losses.
Option d is incorrect because HTTPS protocol adds encryption overhead to HTTP, focused on secure web content not streaming optimization.

Correct Answer: DHCP service

DHCP service automatically assigns IP addresses and network configurations when devices connect to different networks, enabling seamless transitions.
Option a is incorrect because DNS service translates domain names to IP addresses but doesn't automatically configure network settings for devices.
Option c is incorrect because VPN service creates secure tunnels for remote connections but doesn't automatically configure basic network settings.
Option d is incorrect because proxy service acts as an intermediary for requests but doesn't automatically assign network configurations.

Correct Answer: Stack structure

Stack structure's last-in-first-out behavior naturally supports undo operations by reversing actions in opposite order of their execution.
Option a is incorrect because queue structure uses first-in-first-out order, which would undo the oldest operation first, not the most recent.
Option c is incorrect because set structures store unique elements without order, not suitable for maintaining operation sequence for undo.
Option d is incorrect because map structures store key-value pairs for lookups, not designed for maintaining ordered operation history.

Correct Answer: Real-time scheduling

Real-time scheduling guarantees processes complete within specified time constraints, critical for time-sensitive robotic control in manufacturing.
Option a is incorrect because best-effort scheduling provides no timing guarantees, potentially causing robotic controllers to miss critical deadlines.
Option b is incorrect because fair-share scheduling distributes resources equally among users but doesn't guarantee specific timing requirements.
Option d is incorrect because lottery scheduling uses randomization for fairness but cannot guarantee strict timing constraints for controllers.

Correct Answer: Trademark protection

Trademark protection covers business identifiers like logos and brand names, preventing unauthorized use that could confuse consumers about product origin.
Option a is incorrect because copyright protection covers creative works like books and software, not business identifying marks like logos.
Option c is incorrect because patent protection covers inventions and novel processes, not brand identifiers or business logos used commercially.
Option d is incorrect because license protection refers to permission agreements for using property, not the protection type for logos.

Correct Answer: LIFO structure

LIFO structure places newest items on top for immediate access, matching email clients showing recent messages first.
Option a is incorrect because FIFO structure would show oldest emails first, opposite of typical email client behavior showing newest first.
Option c is incorrect because random structure provides no predictable order, making it impossible to consistently show newest emails first.
Option d is incorrect because sorted structure organizes by specific criteria like alphabetical order, not necessarily by arrival time.

Correct Answer: Language interpretation

Language interpretation executes code through interpreters on each platform, enabling the same Python code to run everywhere without modification.
Option a is incorrect because direct compilation creates platform-specific executables that cannot run on different systems without recompilation.
Option c is incorrect because assembly coding is processor-specific and requires different versions for different hardware architectures.
Option d is incorrect because binary distribution provides compiled executables that are tied to specific platforms and architectures.

Correct Answer: Error checking

Error checking uses checksums and verification methods to detect if packets were corrupted or modified during network transmission.
Option a is incorrect because packet switching divides data for transmission but doesn't verify integrity of the received packets.
Option c is incorrect because load balancing distributes network traffic across multiple paths but doesn't verify packet integrity.
Option d is incorrect because traffic shaping controls bandwidth usage and packet flow rates, not packet integrity verification.

Correct Answer: Inheritance

Inheritance allows Hurricane and Tornado classes to extend the Storm class, sharing common properties while adding specialized behaviors.
Option a is incorrect because encapsulation bundles data with methods in classes but doesn't specifically involve extending classes.
Option c is incorrect because abstraction hides implementation complexity but doesn't specifically describe the parent-child class relationship shown.
Option d is incorrect because instantiation creates objects from classes but doesn't describe the relationship between parent and child classes.