D684 Introduction to Computer Science - Set 1 - Part 3

Correct Answer: SCAN algorithm

SCAN algorithm moves the disk head systematically in one direction servicing requests, minimizing seek time like an elevator.
Option a is incorrect because round robin gives equal time slices but doesn't optimize for minimizing physical disk head movement.
Option c is incorrect because FIFO services requests in arrival order, potentially causing excessive head movement between distant tracks.
Option d is incorrect because priority algorithm serves important requests first but doesn't optimize physical head movement patterns.

Correct Answer: Patent registration

Patent registration protects novel inventions and innovative processes like unique algorithms from being copied by competitors without permission.
Option a is incorrect because trademark registration protects brand names and logos that identify businesses, not technical innovations or algorithms.
Option b is incorrect because copyright protects creative expression in code but not the underlying algorithmic ideas or methods.
Option d is incorrect because domain registration reserves website addresses on the internet, not related to protecting algorithmic innovations.

Correct Answer: Process control block

Process control block stores all process information including registers and program counter, enabling restoration when process resumes execution.
Option a is incorrect because thread pool is a collection of reusable threads for executing tasks, not storage for process state.
Option c is incorrect because memory map shows memory allocation layout but doesn't store complete process execution state information.
Option d is incorrect because system call is a request from program to operating system for services, not process state storage.

Correct Answer: Faster execution

Compilation translates entire programs to optimized machine code before execution, eliminating translation overhead and maximizing computational speed.
Option a is incorrect because interpreted languages typically provide easier debugging with immediate error feedback during development, not compilation.
Option c is incorrect because compiled programs are platform-specific, while interpreted languages offer better platform independence through interpreters.
Option d is incorrect because dynamic typing is a language feature independent of compilation, and compiled languages often use static typing.

Correct Answer: Star topology

Star topology connects all devices to a central hub or switch, creating a star-like pattern with the switch at center.
Option a is incorrect because ring topology connects devices in a circular chain where data passes through each device sequentially.
Option c is incorrect because bus topology uses a single shared cable that all devices connect to directly without central device.
Option d is incorrect because mesh topology creates multiple connections between devices for redundancy, not single central connection point.

Correct Answer: Process synchronization

Process synchronization coordinates access to shared resources like database records, preventing simultaneous modifications that cause corruption.
Option a is incorrect because memory paging manages virtual memory by moving pages between RAM and disk, not coordinating resource access.
Option c is incorrect because CPU scheduling determines which process runs when but doesn't prevent simultaneous access to shared resources.
Option d is incorrect because file compression reduces storage size but doesn't address concurrent access control for data integrity.

Correct Answer: Incremental development

Incremental development delivers software in small functional pieces, allowing user feedback between iterations to guide feature additions.
Option a is incorrect because waterfall model completes each phase entirely before moving forward, not allowing iterative feedback and adjustment.
Option c is incorrect because big bang approach develops the entire system before release, preventing early user feedback on functionality.
Option d is incorrect because reverse engineering analyzes existing software to understand its design, not a forward development approach.

Correct Answer: Random access

Random access allows direct retrieval of any data position without reading preceding data, perfect for jumping to specific video frames.
Option a is incorrect because sequential access requires reading through all previous data to reach desired position, inefficient for video editing.
Option c is incorrect because indexed access uses separate index structures for lookups, while random access directly addresses any position.
Option d is incorrect because streaming access optimizes for continuous playback from beginning, not jumping to arbitrary frame positions.

Correct Answer: Dynamic allocation

Dynamic allocation automatically adjusts resource distribution based on current demand, enabling automatic scaling without manual intervention required.
Option a is incorrect because static allocation fixes resources at setup time and cannot adjust to changing demand patterns automatically.
Option b is incorrect because manual provisioning requires human intervention to adjust resources, preventing automatic scaling based on demand.
Option d is incorrect because fixed partitioning divides resources into unchangeable segments, unable to adapt to varying demand levels.

Correct Answer: IP address

IP addresses uniquely identify devices on the internet, enabling direct communication and routing of data to specific IoT sensors.
Option a is incorrect because domain names are human-readable aliases that map to IP addresses, not required for each IoT device.
Option c is incorrect because MAC addresses identify devices on local networks but aren't used for internet-wide routing and communication.
Option d is incorrect because port numbers identify specific services or applications on devices, not the devices themselves on internet.